To the gymnosperms are the first seed plants, completely independent of water to reproduction. The main gymnosperms in Brazil are the araucarias, also known as Paraná pine.
We prepared a list of gymnosperm exercises so you can test your knowledge of the first seed plants.
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1) Gymnosperms are divided into four phyla with living representatives: Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, Conipherophyta and Gnetophyta. Among these phyla, one stands out as the most related to angiosperms. Mark the alternative that indicates this group.
a) Cycadophyta.
b) Ginkgophyta.
c) Conipherophyta.
d) Gnetophyta.
2) (UFPR) In the question below, write the sum of the correct items in the appropriate space.
The Paraná pine – Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze. – is a tree species native to Brazil, standing out physiognomically in such a way that the forests in which it occurs are commonly designated as “forests with araucaria”, “pine forests” or “pine forests”. About this species and the type of vegetation in which it occurs, it is correct to state:
01) Araucaria forests occur exclusively in southern Brazil, as this is a region with higher temperatures, conducive to the development of the species.
02) Araucaria is the genus to which the species belongs Araucaria angustifolia.
04) The Paraná pine belongs to the group of angiosperms, as it forms a type of seed that is popularly known as pine nuts.
08) The pollination of the Paraná pine is carried out by birds, while the dispersion of its seeds occurs by the wind.
16) The names of the authors that appear next to the scientific name of the Paraná pine are those responsible for the discovery of the Araucaria forests.
32) The Paraná pine belongs to the group of conifers, which includes a series of species of notable economic value.
64) The central area of occurrence of Araucaria forests in Brazil is subject to a subtropical climate, with frosts.
3) (UECE) Consider the characteristics listed below:
Features common to gymnosperms and angiosperms:
a) only I and III.
b) only I and IV.
c) II, III and IV.
d) I, II and III.
4) We say that gymnosperms have definitely managed to conquer the terrestrial environment, since these plants do not need water for fertilization. Mark the name of the structure that allowed this independence from water.
a) Fruit.
b) Flowers.
c) Seeds.
d) Pollen grains.
e) Flagellated gametes.
5) Gymnosperms have a naked seed, that is, without a fruit surrounding this structure. In addition to this striking characteristic, we can mention several other characteristics present in this group of plants. From the alternatives below, mark the only alternative that indicates a characteristic absent in gymnosperms.
a) Conducting vessels for sap.
b) Leaves.
c) Stems.
d) Root.
i) Flowers.
6) One of the most striking characteristics of gymnosperms is the presence of seeds. This structure, also present in angiosperms, is responsible for protecting the embryo and ensuring its nutrition. Mark the alternative that correctly indicates the structure that originates the seed.
a) The seed is formed from the development of the ovary.
b) The seed is formed from the development of the ovule.
c) The seed is formed from the development of the carpel.
d) The seed is formed from the development of the spore.
7) In gymnosperms, a very important evolutionary novelty was the pollen grain, which definitively ended dependence on water for reproduction. Pollination in this group of plants normally occurs by wind, a process called:
a) arocoly.
b) anemophily.
c) zoophilia.
d) entomophily.
e) ornithophily.
8) (UFSM) Analyze the quote: “The swimming of the antherozoids is replaced by the growth of the pollen tube”. In which plant group did this substitution phenomenon take place for the first time?
a) Bryophytes.
b) Pteridophytes.
c) Gymnosperms.
d) Angiosperms – Monocotyledons.
e) Angiosperms – Dicotyledons.
9) (UNIPAR) The Paraná pine (Araucaria angustifolia) has plants that bear pine cones, the site of production of edible structures called pine nuts.
The terms highlighted above refer, respectively, to:
a) gametophyte — female strobili — seed.
b) sporophyte — female strobilus — seed.
c) sporophyte — male strobilus — seed.
d) sporophyte — fruit — female strobili.
e) gametophyte — seed — female cone.
10) The phylum Coniferophyta has well-known representatives. In Brazil, for example, this phylum can be represented by the araucarias. The plants of this phylum receive this name because they have conical reproductive structures called:
a) pollen grains.
b) sporophyte.
c) strobili.
d) archegonium.
e) oosphere.
1 — d
2 — 02, 32, 64
3 — d
4 — d
5 — And
6 — b
7 — b
8 — c
9 — b
10 — c
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