O glaucoma It is a chronic eye disease that affects the optic nerve and can lead to permanent vision loss if left untreated. It is characterized by progressive degeneration of the nerve fibers of the optic nerve, usually accompanied by increased intraocular pressure. The disease is a silent disease and can affect up to 2.5 million people over 40 years of age in Brazil, according to the Brazilian Society of Glaucoma (SBG).
According to ophthalmologist Roberto Galvão Filho, president of SBG, 70% of people do not know they suffer from the disease.
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“We have the best diagnoses and treatments in the world in Brazil. The difficulty we have is that the patient with glaucoma comes to us. Glaucoma does not hurt and, most of the time, it has no symptoms. The defect caused by glaucoma starts in the visual periphery and then goes to the center, so the patient does not realize that he is losing sight. By the time he realizes that something is wrong, up to 60% of the optic nerve has already been destroyed.”
There are several types of glaucoma, but the most common is open-angle glaucoma, which occurs when the fluid inside of the eye does not drain in, gradually increasing the intraocular pressure and affecting the nerve fibers of the nerve optical. Closed-angle glaucoma, on the other hand, is less common and occurs when fluid drainage is blocked abruptly, causing a rapid build-up of intraocular pressure.
Glaucoma symptoms vary. However, the disease can often progress without showing any noticeable symptoms. Regular eye exams help diagnose the condition, including measurements of intraocular pressure, especially if there is a family history of glaucoma.
The risk factors for the disease are: family history, black and afro-descendant people, people with diabetes and hypertension, with myopia, and users of corticoid-based medicines. Glaucoma treatment may involve medication to lower intraocular pressure, laser surgery, or conventional surgery. Early detection and proper treatment can help delay or prevent disease progression and preserve the patient's vision.
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