genetics is a branch of science that studies the heredity of characters, the structure, the function of genes and the variability them among living beings.
We prepared a list of exercises on basic concepts in Genetics so you can test your knowledge on the topic!
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1) What name is given to the graphic representation used in Genetics that indicates the kinship relationships between individuals?
a) Test cross.
b) Karyotype.
c) Pedigree.
d) Locus.
i) Genotype.
2) (FATEC-SP) Pairs of genes, with independent segregation, can act together to determine the same phenotypic trait. This phenomenon is known as:
a) gene interaction.
b) epistasis.
c) polygeny.
d) complete dominance.
3) (UNIMEP – RJ) A man has the Aa Bb CC dd genotype and his wife has the aa Bb cc Dd genotype. What is the probability that this couple will have a male child carrying the bb genes?
a) 1/4
b) 1/8
c) 1/2
d) 3/64
e) none of the above
4) What name is attributed to the set of physical and physiological characteristics of an individual that is the result of the action of genes and the environment?
a) Karyotype.
b) Genotype.
c) Phenotype.
d) Locus.
i) Dominance.
5) When an individual has two different alleles of the same gene, we say that he is:
a) dominant.
b) recessive.
c) lethal.
d) homozygous.
e) heterozygous.
6) (UNIFESP) A plant A and another B, with yellow peas and unknown genotypes, were crossed with C plants that produce green peas. Crossing A x C produced 100% plants with yellow peas and crossing B x C produced 50% plants with yellow peas and 50% green peas. The genotypes of plants A, B and C are, respectively:
a) Vv, vv, vv
b) Vv, vv, vv
c) vv, vv, vv
d) vv, vv, vv
e) vv, vv, vv
7) In Genetics, understanding the meaning of its various concepts is essential. When we say that an allele is recessive, for example, we are referring to an allele that:
a) is only expressed in heterozygosity.
b) it is only expressed in homozygosity.
c) expressed in homozygosity and heterozygosity.
d) that is not expressed.
e) that inhibits the expression of other alleles.
8) (UFC) Gregor Mendel, considered the father or founder of classical genetics, carried out experiments with pea producing plants. To demonstrate his hypotheses, Mendel used this type of vegetable because:
a) the androecium and gynoecium are present in the same flower, which facilitates the occurrence of self-fertilization.
b) the seed has only two cotyledons, which absorb the food reserves for the nutrition of the embryo and the development of the peas.
c) the anatomical characteristics of its flowers facilitate cross-fertilization and thus allow the observation of pure genetic characteristics.
d) the pollen grains are transferred to the stigma of the same strobilus, since the modified leaves are located very close to each other.
e) the number of descendants per generation is small and the generations are long, which facilitates the observation of flower and seed characteristics.
9) (ENEM) In an experiment, a set of plants was prepared by cloning technique from an original plant that had green leaves. This set was divided into two groups, which were treated identically, with the exception of the lighting conditions, with one group exposed to natural sunlight cycles and the other kept in dark. After a few days, it was observed that the group exposed to light had green leaves like the original plant and the group grown in the dark had yellowish leaves.
At the end of the experiment, the two groups of plants presented:
a) identical genotypes and phenotypes.
b) identical genotypes and different phenotypes.
c) differences in genotypes and phenotypes.
d) the same phenotype and only two different genotypes.
e) the same phenotype and wide variety of genotypes.
10) (PUC – RIO) A recessive genetic trait present on the Y chromosome is:
a) can be inherited from the father or mother by male and female descendants.
b) can only be inherited from the father by his male descendants.
c) can only be inherited from the father by his female descendants.
d) can only be inherited from the mother by her male descendants.
e) can only be inherited from the mother by her female descendants.
1 — c
2 — the
3 — b
4 — c
5 — and
6 — c
7 — b
8 — the
9 — b
10 — b
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