To the bacteria they are prokaryotic, unicellular organisms and can live free or in colonies. They can offer many benefits to our planet, however, they also cause many diseases.
We prepared a list of discursive questions about bacteria so you can test your knowledge about these microscopic beings.
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1) (FUVEST) A student wrote the following on a test: “Bacteria have no nucleus or DNA”. Do you agree with the student? Justify.
2) (PUCCAMP-SP) In bacteria, there is a process of genetic transmission called transduction. What does this process consist of?
3) Name 5 characteristics that allow a researcher to identify a bacterium.
4) (UFOP) In 1928, Griffith made an experiment trying to develop a means of combating pneumonia. In that trial, he injected pneumococci into four groups of mice as follows:
I – in group 1, live encapsulated pneumococci;
II – in group 2, live non-encapsulated pneumococci;
III – in group 3, heat-killed encapsulated pneumococci;
IV – in group 4, dead capsulated pneumococci and live non-capsulated pneumococci.
In a short time, he observed that the animals in groups II and III remained alive, while those in groups I and IV died. Explain your results.
5) In the laboratory, a researcher managed to isolate a form of life responsible for the development of a highly contagious and difficult-to-treat respiratory disease. When observing it in the electronic microscope, he saw that it was a bacterium. As for the form of nutrition, would such bacteria be correctly classified as an autotrophic or heterotrophic individual? Justify.
6) Epidemic outbreaks of bubonic plague have already decimated large populations in different periods of human history, the same happening with other diseases such as the Spanish flu during World War II, tuberculosis, cholera, dengue fever and its most severe complication: dengue hemorrhagic fever, which has been infecting thousands of children every year in the tropical regions of the western Pacific and Southeast Asia, increasing even more in warm regions of Americas. Based on the text and related knowledge, answer: Which of these diseases cannot be treated with antibiotics? Justify.
7) What structure of the bacterium could explain the difficulty presented in the treatment of diseases that are caused by it? Explain.
8) (FUVEST) Name two ways bacteria reproduce.
9) Characterize the nucleus of a bacterium.
10) (UNICAMP) A farmer decided to plant a small part of his land for bean planting and the greater part for corn cultivation. He harvested some beans, but the corn produced practically nothing. He consulted a technician who suggested, after analyzing the soil, that he plant an inedible leguminous plant, known as “bean-of-pig”, on the land. These plants, after they bear fruit, should be cut and mixed with the earth, thinking about the planting of corn the following year. Why did the technician suggest that he plant a legume and why should the plant, once cut, be incorporated into the soil?
No. A bacterium does not have an organized nucleus. Its genetic material (DNA) is dispersed in the cytoplasm. There are no nuclear envelopes or nucleoli.
In addition to the main DNA contained in the nucleoid, it has other circular DNA segments forming the plasmids.
Transduction is the transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another by means of virus (bacteriophages).
The characteristics that allow to identify a bacterium are:
1- Prokaryotic cell;
2- Presence of cell wall;
3- Mesosome;
4- Circular nucleoid, plasmid;
5- Fimbriae.
The presence of a capsule confers greater pathogenicity to the bacteria, as mice that received live non-encapsulated pneumococci and heat-killed encapsulated pneumococci survived.
Those who received live encapsulated pneumococci died.
Live non-capsulated pneumococci were transformed into encapsulated pneumococci (bacterial transformation) by absorbing fragments of DNA from encapsulated pneumococci killed by heat, starting to produce the capsule.
Such a bacterium would be classified as an individual heterotroph, because it is an organism parasite.
Autotrophic beings produce their own food, not needing to remove it from the tissues of other living organisms.
Spanish flu It is dengue cannot be treated with antibiotics, as they are diseases caused by viruses and antibiotics do not act on viruses.
The presence of the capsule increases the pathogenicity of the bacterium by allowing it to escape the defense mechanisms of the organism. immune system.
And the presence of plasmid that contains resistance genes that hinder or prevent the action of certain antibiotics.
Bacteria have two forms of reproduction: asexual and sexual.
asexual reproduction by simple division or bipartition. sexual reproduction by conjugation, transduction or transformation.
Bacteria do not have an individualized nucleus, that is, they do not have a nuclear membrane surrounding the genetic material.
Legumes belong to a family of plants which have the characteristic of fixing the nitrogen atmospheric on the ground.
This is possible thanks to its symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Therefore, planting jack beans would make more nutrients (nitrite and nitrate) available for the ground. And the decomposition of these plants could serve as green manure.
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