With an area of 920,000 km², the Tocantins-Araguaia Hydrographic Basin is one of the most important Brazilian hydrographic regions. Formed by the Tocantins River and its tributaries, it is fundamental to the national economic context, due to its relationship with agribusiness; mining; the hydroelectric potential, of 13.14 gigawatts; and the tourist potential, with the presence of points such as the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park (GO) and river beaches.
The Tocantins-Araguaia basin covers states in the North, Northeast and Midwest regions: Goiás, Mato Grosso, Federal District, Tocantins, Pará and Maranhão. Most of the water in the region is used for agricultural irrigation – about 62% of demand total, according to the latest census by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), carried out in 2010.
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The region faces problems with deforestation, a result of mining activity and agricultural expansion, with the cultivation of monocultures with soy and rice, and with sanitation, at a low level and which causes pollution of the rivers.
It is in the Tocantins-Araguaia basin that the largest entirely Brazilian hydroelectric plant is located: the Tucuruí plant, installed on the Tocantins River, in Pará.
Total area: 920,087 km² (10.8% of the Brazilian territory)
Population: 8.572.716
Location: Goiás, Mato Grosso, Federal District, Tocantins, Pará and Maranhão
Number of municipalities: 409
Demographic density: 9.3 inhabitants/km²
Hydroelectric potential: 13.14 GW
Water availability: 5,447 m³/s
The source of the Tocantins River is in the Plateau of Goiás, at about 1,000 meters of altitude. It is formed by the Almas and Maranhão rivers. Its length is 1,960 km and its mouth is in Marajó Bay, in the Amazon.
