SocialismIt is communismthey are similar theories, but they are not synonymous. According to socialist scholars, socialism is a stage that triggers in communism.
As an ideological and economic system, socialist principles advocate equality among all members of society. society, becoming an important step towards the attainment of a communist society.
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Only with the passage through socialism would the working class rise to power, becoming the main ruler.
check the differences between socialism and communism.
The ideals defended by illuminists of the eighteenth century were responsible for the emergence of socialism and liberalism at the beginning of the 19th century.
The concepts of equality and freedom were widely discussed in this period. Socialism emerged from a thought that suggested a cooperative and harmonious model of society, seeking to reconcile the liberal and egalitarian principles of the enlightenment.
In this sense, we can mention intellectuals such as Robert Owen (1771-1858), Charles Fourier (1772-1837) and Saint-Simon (1760-1825). The proposal defended by these thinkers was classified as utopian socialism, as it did not suggest an effective transformation of reality.
The concept of utopian socialism was created by intellectuals related to the scientific socialism, prepared by Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820 – 1895).
Also called Marxism, this current of thought created the historical materialism and dialectical materialism as a way of understanding the historical process.
Thus, such thought defended the revolutionary proposal of the dictatorship of the proletariat, through the implantation of a socialist society, in which the last phase would be communism.
Communism would only be in force when not only property, but the means of production belonged to the State. If that moment came, he would identify himself so intensely with society that he would no longer exist.
Furthermore, people would be so involved with the commitment to practice the common good and promote happiness that they would achieve freedom.
In a communist society, there would be no social classes, as everyone would be equal and would have access to the same opportunities.
The individual would be free to exercise various trades, not being tied to a profession/specialization.
During the 20th century, socialists and communists maintained some differences, such as the means to reach power.
Socialists argued that to rise to power, it would be necessary to make the population aware of the evils caused by capitalist system. Therefore, they defined themselves as reformists. For the communists, the working class would only conquer power through weapons.
It is important to note that both had the same enemy, the fascism.
There are several parties in Brazil that consider themselves socialist and communist. However, there are those who use some principles of socialism in their programs, but have no real interest in modifying the social structure.
Here are some examples of socialist and communist parties:
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