You lipidsare organic molecules popularly known as fats. They are mainly made up of carbon atoms. hydrogen, oxygen, carbon It is phosphor.
They are extremely important substances for living beings, as they participate in the composition of plasma membranes.
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In addition, they provide energy, are good thermal insulators, protect vital organs and facilitate some chemical reactions.
Lipids have been increasingly demanded in the tests of the National High School Examination (AND EITHER) and other entrance exams in the country.
Therefore, we have prepared a list of exercises on lipids for you to test your knowledge.
You can consult the template and download this list in PDF at the end of this publication. Enjoy!
1) (UFU) Cholesterol is a steroid that constitutes one of the main groups of lipids. With regard to this particular type of lipid, it is correct to state that:
a) In humans, excess cholesterol increases the efficiency of blood flow inside blood vessels, leading to arteriosclerosis.
b) Cholesterol participates in the chemical composition of animal cell membranes and is a precursor of male (testosterone) and female (estrogen) sex hormones.
c) Cholesterol is found in foods of both animal and vegetable origin (for example, butter, margarine, soybean oil, corn, etc.), since it is derived from the metabolism of glycerides.
d) In plant cells, excess cholesterol decreases the efficiency of cellular transpiration and photosynthesis processes.
2) Lipids, popularly called fats, are substances that are mainly characterized by their low solubility in water. Among the alternatives below, mark the one that does not refer to a biological importance of lipids.
a) They act as an energy reserve.
b) They act in waterproofing surfaces that suffer from dehydration.
c) They are part of the composition of the plasmatic membrane.
d) They are part of the composition of hormones.
e) They act as biological catalysts.
3) Sex hormones, such as testosterone and estradiol, are examples of lipids from the (as) group:
a) glycerides.
b) waxes.
c) carotenoids.
d) phospholipids.
i) steroids.
4) Cholesterol is a very important type of lipid for man, despite being mainly known for causing heart problems, such as atherosclerosis. This lipid can be acquired by our body through diet or be synthesized in our liver.
Among the following alternatives, mark the one that indicates the type of lipid in which cholesterol fits:
a) glycerides.
b) waxes.
c) carotenoids.
d) phospholipids.
i) steroids.
5) The molecules most used by most cells for energy conversion processes and ATP (adenosine triphosphate) production are carbohydrates. On average, an adult human being has an energy reserve in the form of carbohydrates that lasts one day. The lipid reserve can last a month.
The storage of lipids is advantageous over that of carbohydrates because the former have the characteristic of being:
a) electrical insulators.
b) poorly biodegradable.
c) saturated with hydrogens.
d) mostly hydrophobic.
e) components of the membranes.
6) (Unicamp – with adaptations). Lipids are:
a) The energy compounds consumed preferentially by the body.
b) More abundant in the chemical composition of plants than in animals.
c) Substances insoluble in water, but soluble in so-called organic solvents (alcohol, ether, benzene).
d) Present as phospholipids inside the cell, but never in the structure of the plasma membrane.
7) (IFPR) A diet rich in lipids can become harmful to humans, especially in relation to the ingestion of industrialized foods rich in trans fats.
Recent research claims that there are lipids that are not synthesized by the body and that should be moderately added to the diet, such as fatty acids belonging to the omega 3 and omega 6 family, whose main sources are vegetable oils from soy, canola, corn, sunflower and marine fish oils such as salmon and sardine.
Lipids comprise a class of compounds with varied structure and that perform different biological functions. Lipids DO NOT act as:
a) biological catalysts.
b) waxes such as carnauba and honeycomb.
c) precursors of hormones such as testosterone and estrogen.
d) power reserve.
e) structural component of cell membranes.
8) (UFRN) Although it is seen as a villain, cholesterol is very important for the human body because it is:
a) precursor to the synthesis of testosterone and progesterone.
b) oxidizing agent of carbohydrates.
c) responsible for the resistance of cartilages and tendons.
d) cofactor of biological reactions.
9) (UFPI) The hydrolysis of lipid molecules produces:
a) amino acids and water.
b) fatty acids and glycerol.
c) glucose and glycerol.
d) glycerol and water.
e) fatty acids and water.
10) In certain cells we find the smooth endoplasmic reticulum very well developed. Taking this into account, we can conclude that these cells produce:
a) Proteins.
b) Lipids.
c) Amino acids.
d) Polysaccharides.
1 — B
2 — It is
3 — It is
4 — It is
5 — d
6 — w
7 — The
8 — The
9 — B
10 — B
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