Topics that fall most in the Enem test

Ready for the National High School Exam? Main gateway to higher education in the various Brazilian educational institutions, whether public or private, the And either it has been held for almost twenty years, and has become mandatory for most students who apply for the long-awaited vacancy at the university. Some institutions still do not consider the Enem test score for admission to their courses (see Fuvest), but almost all are already in line with the new entrance exam model, which is much more efficient and suited to the needs of our students.

NATIONAL EXAMINATION OF HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION - ENEM (4 Volumes)

You who are going to take the Enem this year should be aware of the specifics of the test, especially the specifics of the Languages, Codes and Technologies test. The interdisciplinary model of the exam requires the student to have global knowledge, and not fragmented, such as the entrance exams held in Brazil until the 1990s. Nowadays, the student needs to know all areas, since the tests dialogue with each other and show that knowledge is, in fact, interconnected. All tests require the candidate to have a good level of textual interpretation, otherwise the risk of not being able to solve an exercise in the Mathematics and its Technologies test, for example, is big. In the Human Sciences and Technologies test, it is common to find texts of the most varied genres, which will certainly require the candidate to know the elements inherent to the language.

See too:Ten writing tips for the exam

You may have noticed that the candidate is expected to demonstrate a good command of the language, competence that will facilitate the resolution of the entire test, and not just the resolution of the language area test portuguese. Now that you already know the importance of textual interpretation, we are going to show you some of the Topics that fall most in the Languages, Codes and Technologies test of the National Teaching Examination Average. We hope you enjoy our tips! Happy reading and happy studying! Success is what we wish you!

Recurring themes in the Enem Languages, Codes and Technologies test

1. linguistic variation

In addition to identifying linguistic varieties in textual genres, the candidate must understand that the Portuguese language is a powerful element for the construction of our cultural identity, as the linguistic marks single out the social, regional and cultural linguistic varieties. record. An advantage is the candidate who knows how to recognize the uses of the standard norm of the Portuguese language, relating linguistic varieties to specific situations of social use.

Therefore, it is important for you to know that, although Portuguese is our official language, there are regional, social, historical and style, even because it would be impossible for a country with continental dimensions to present uniformity in the modality oral. Recognizing the importance of linguistic variations as well as respecting them is among the skills required in the reference matrix of the Languages, Codes and Technologies test;

1. Portuguese language semantics

It is desirable that the candidate dominates issues related to the semantics of the Portuguese language. In the past, questions about syntactic and semantic nomenclature were quite common, so to do well in the entrance exam, the candidate needed to have grammatical rules on the tip of the tongue. Nowadays, fortunately, the situation has changed, Grammar is no longer approached in a fragmented way, but in a contextualized way, usually associated with the interpretation of texts from different genres.

You must be attentive to the meanings of words, competence of Semantics. Reinforce the study of synonymy and antonymy; semantic field, hyponymy and hyperonymy; polysemy; ambiguity and homonymy and paronymy;

1. Text genres and their discursive characteristics

Most of the questions on the Languages, Codes and Technologies test involve the reading of texts, which proves that in Enem the approach is contextualized, and not fragmented. To better understand what is asked, you need to know the different textual genres, as well as their discursive characteristics.

Although they are countless (unlike what happens with textual types), genres present elements that allow their identification and recognition among others. The test usually offers literary and non-literary texts, cartoons, comics and other genres that you need to know to do well in the exam;

See too:Free tool provides previous entrance exams and ENEM exams

1. language functions

Another subject that is always asked in the Languages, Codes and Technologies test. The functions of language were defined by the Russian linguist Roman Jackobson from the elements of communication. According to the scholar, the functions play an important role for the success of communication and, according to the speaker's intentions, there is one that will best fulfill the mission of satisfactorily issuing a given message.

There are six functions of language: referential function, conative function, phatic function, poetic function, emotive function and metalinguistic function. Each of the six functions is responsible for assigning characteristics to the text that facilitate its understanding; that's why it's important that you know and identify them;

1. figures of speech

A resource widely used in literary texts, figures of speech are responsible for giving style and greater expressiveness to language. They are classified as figures of thought, figures of construction or syntax and figures of sound and, although they are usually used as a resource stylistic, figures of speech can also make all the difference when it comes to constructing the meanings of the text: therefore, they should not be seen as mere ornaments.

The figures of speech in Enem will be inscribed in a text, whatever its genre, and you must recognize it, as well as understand the role it plays in sending the message. See now how the topic was addressed in an issue of the 2013 edition:

Enem - 2013 (Question 130)

What the internet hides from you

Search engines manipulate results. Social networks decide who to be friends with — and drop people without warning. And for every website you can access, there are 400 unseen ones. Get ready to discover the hidden side of the internet.

GRAVATA, A. Superinteressante, São Paulo, ed. 297, Nov. 2011 (adapted).
Title: Question 130, Enem 2013.

Analyzing the verbal information and the image associated with a human head, it is understood that the sale

1. represents the breadth of information that makes up the internet, to which we have access on social networks and search engines.
2. makes a complaint about the information that is omitted from network users, being used in the connotative sense.
3. it concerns a digital black hole, where the information sought by the user on the sites he accesses is hidden.
4. is associated with a set of social restrictions present in the lives of those who are always connected to the internet.
5. refers to web databases, protected by passwords or signatures and to which the browser does not have access.

Resolution: Alternative b. To understand the question, it is necessary for the candidate to establish a comparison between the verbal text and the non-verbal text (image associated with a human head). The blindfold, in addition to other visual aids that compare the head to a machine, are part of the connotative language. which represents the vulnerability of internet users, who do not have access to important information about the network and its filters.

1. literary styles

Knowing the characteristics and main representatives of the literary schools of Brazilian literature is essential for you who want to achieve a good grade in the Enem. The dialogue between visual and verbal elements requires the candidate to know how to establish analogies and build inferences, thus recovering all the knowledge acquired throughout school life.

Poems, prose excerpts and also images that establish some kind of relationship with the school addressed in the question will be used in the test. It is worth remembering that Modernism is among the periods in the history of our literature that fall most in the Exame, all years he has been present in the test, so it is very important that you know its three phases (First phase or heroic; Second phase or Generation of 1930 and Third phase or Generation of 1945) and the main writers (especially Mário de Andrade, Manuel Bandeira and Carlos Drummond de Andrade).

See how the topic can fall on the test:

ENEM - 2012 (Question 108)

the troubadour

Feelings in me from the rough
of the men of the first ages...
The Springs of Sarcasm
intermittently in my harlequin heart...
Intermittently…
Other times it is sick, cold
in my sick soul like a long round sound...
Cantabone! Cantabone!
pain...
I'm a Tupi playing a lute!

ANDRADE, M. In: MANFIO, D. Z. (Org.) Complete Poems by Mario de Andrade.
Belo Horizonte: Itatiaia, 2005.

Dear to Modernism, the issue of national identity is recurrent in Mário de Andrade's prose and poetry. In O trovador, this aspect is

1. approached subliminally, through expressions such as “harlequin heart” which, evoking carnival, refers to Brazilianness.
2. verified already in the title, which refers to the northeastern repentistas, studied by Mário de Andrade in his travels and folkloric research.
3. lamented by the lyrical self, both in the use of expressions such as “Feelings in me of the harshness” (v. 1), “cold” (v. 6), “sick soul” (v. 7), as by the mournful sound of the lute “Dlorom” (v. 9).
4. problematized in the Tupi (savage) x lute (civilized) opposition, pointing to the national synthesis that would be proposed in the Anthropophagic Manifesto, by Oswald de Andrade.
5. exalted by the lyrical self, which evokes the “feelings of men from the first eras” to show Brazilian pride in its indigenous roots.

Resolution: Alternative d. One of the most important themes for modernism, especially for the first modernist phase, was national identity, especially in the work of Mário de Andrade. We can notice a problematizing view of the issue, since the writer escapes the idealization of the theme and proposes a more critical view, evidenced in the clash between barbarism and civilization.

Luana Alves
Graduated in Letters