Tell us, what's your favorite subject at school? If you answer History, we completely understand! The area is fascinating for accompanying man since the dawn of humanity, allowing us to understand what life was like in each era.
But what exactly is history? What are you studying? Who does this work and how is it done? Follow, with us, all the answers to these questions, in addition to other information relevant to the topic.
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The concept of History states that it is a science that studies the development of man over time. In this way, it is necessary to analyze the characters involved in the processes, the facts that occurred and, thus, understand all the historical periods.
For the ancient Greeks, the creators of this science, History meant investigation and research. Through it, they sought traces of the past, including the glories and tragedies experienced by ancestors.
When we mention understanding historical periods, we include understanding society, culture, economics, politics and all the factors involved. Who performs this work is the historian, bachelor in History who analyzes facts and produces knowledge.
It is said that the first historian was the Greek Herodotus and, therefore, considered as the “father of History”. He was the pioneer in investigating the past to arrive at historical knowledge. However, it was Thucydides who first applied the critical methods.
Among them were the crossing of data and the use of different sources. The study of historical records is called Historiography while Historiology studies why the facts occurred.
The study of History cannot be objective because it is always based on criteria and methods corresponding to different authors. In addition, it considers the socio-historical context that gives rise to the various processes.
The concept itself brings a little of what History proposes to do, that is, to rescue and report the cultural aspects of a region or society. The objective of understanding the past is precisely to understand the present from the development process.
Since the beginning of its use, History seeks to reconstruct historical facts in order not to let the memory of a people or nation die and, with that, of civilization itself. Therefore, it has always been present in all societies.
In this context, it can be presented in different ways, the main ones being narrative, pragmatic, scientific and annales history. In all of them, the main objective is to relate the past with the present, in an attempt to understand current society.
The historian's work is based on two periods, Prehistory and History. In the first, he is based on artistic sources (sculptures, cave paintings, adornments) and materials (tools, bones, stone objects, ceramics and fossils).
Its sources expand when studying History, making available clothing, books, images, oral and documentary records, coins, material objects, recordings, newspapers, among many others.
To facilitate the study of humanity, History was divided into several periods until it reached the present day. See what they are:
The historian does not work alone and, in order to understand the entire historical process, relies on scientists from other related areas. Among them, we can mention:
