What is agrarian reform? A land reform and the redistribution of land and other agricultural assets, usually with the aim of providing “land for the farmer“. The basic idea is that those who work the land must also own it, to ensure that they benefit from the fruits of their own labor.
This movement was present in several countries around the world and can extend far beyond the redistribution of land, including overhauling the farming system in a country or simply changing practices to make the land more sustainable.
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Title reforms create legal titles to land under existing laws in order to replace traditional arrangements and, thus changing the rules of land use, transfer, inheritance, sale and so on, i.e. the rules of ownership in Earth.
This type of reform is the most common and is usually the one most associated with agrarian reform. It involves the transfer of land from one social class to another, typically from owners who make little or no use of the land, to tenants or farm workers who do the work agricultural.
Mechanisms for this transfer vary. In some cases, landowners left the country, allowing redistribution to proceed with little resistance (for example, in Korea after Japanese occupation). In most cases, however, the old landlord class remained in effect and was removed. by force (the rule in most communist regimes in China, the Soviet Union, and Central and Eastern).
This reform promotes changes in land use practices, such as specific crop rotations or specific types of fertilizers, with objectives such as increasing crop yields, through rules or regulations governing the use of Earth.
The educational and economic part of land reform aims to educate farmers and other parties stakeholders (e.g. agricultural input suppliers) about farming practices, new technologies and the like. Critical questions about such reforms include whose knowledge and observations are valued (or, conversely, ignored), and whether the methods and technologies being promoted contribute to sustainable agriculture and equitable.
Since the mid-1980s, the Movement of Landless Rural Workers (MST) has successfully occupied and transferred ownership of approximately 7.5 million hectares of land to approximately 370,000 families. They make use of a constitutional provision that obliges landowners to make use of their land, if they do not do so, the landless can claim that land.
During occupations, due to this constitutional provision, MST occupants can claim that the constitution is on their side, which causes many of their occupations to be legalized.
