An indisputable comparative advantage. This is what the research “Potential macroeconomic effects with the expansion of the public offer of technical secondary education in Brazil”, prepared by Itaú Education and Work, with the purpose of debating the formulation of programs and public policies aimed at expanding vacancies in the education segment professional.
One of the main findings of the study is that, in general, those who complete courses technicians manage to earn, on average, a salary 32% higher than that of those who complete high school traditional. The difference is also present in the segment that is outside the market, where the unemployment rate, 7.2%, in the first case, is lower than the 10.2%, in the second.
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Commenting on such data, the superintendent of Itaú Educação e Trabalho, Ana Inoue, emphasizes that “we have to stop to like only the young man who leaves a precarious situation and goes to Harvard University or another place of prestige. We have to value the whole youth”.
In a simulation of the impact on economic growth, if the number of vacancies in secondary education tripled, there would be an increase of 2.32% in the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), due to the increase in the number of jobs and the income of workers.
Another significant effect, but of a social nature, highlighted by the authors of the study, would be related to the reduction of income inequality between the poorest and the richest, through the greater access to this type of technical training, with the expansion of the Gini Index (socioeconomic indicator used to measure income distribution in a given country), from 0.55% to 0,58%.
The survey also reveals that, among countries that make up the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Vocational Education and Technology (EPT) is responsible for training 32% of high school students, in contrast to Brazil, where such participation is no more than 8%.
Another problem raised in the study concerns school dropout, motivated, above all, by the need for Brazilians to have to work from an early age. According to the education section of the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (Continuous PNAD), of July 2020, produced by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), this is the main factor for dropping out of school for 39.1% of young people between 14 and 29 years.
