Geography Activity: Geology

Geography activity, aimed at students in the ninth year of elementary school, with questions developed about geology.

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SCHOOL: DATE:

PROF: CLASS:

NAME:

Geology

Read the text below and answer the questions.

Mineral, rock or stone?

Some geologists (or are they still many?) frown when someone refers to a mineral or rock as stone. To their technical ears, stone sounds like an understandable demonstration of ignorance, but it still scratches their eardrums. Each professional sector has its specific language and the correct use of specialized and important terminology, especially when it comes to the so-called exact sciences. But, honestly and tolerantly analyzing, this aversion to the word stone is unfounded.

It is obvious that all laymen – here understood as anyone who is not a geoscientist – knows the words stones, rocks and mineral. But it is also obvious that if everyone has a clear idea of ​​what a stone is, the same is not true of a mineral and a rock. Therefore, geoscientists need to be patient and understanding in this regard. On the other hand, it should be remembered that everyone, including geologists, normally uses the expression “precious stone”. And geologists who are also gemologists (gems ​​specialists) very often hear and use “stone” only, in the narrow meaning of gemstone. "What stone is this?" is the question they hear and ask habitually and naturally.
But not only that. Monomineralic rocks (limestones, quartzites, sandstones, tourmalinites, etc.) are formed by a single mineral. In these cases, it must be admitted, the distinction between rock and mineral is not so clear. And there's more: lapis lazuli, a well-known gemstone, is rock, not mineral, as is obsidian.
But you who are reading this and not a geologist may very well want to know how to distinguish a mineral from a rock, since they are different materials. If you ask a geologist what are the characteristics that make one different from the other, he might be a little surprised, for, although he knows how to differentiate rocks from minerals, it is quite possible that he was never asked to compare the characteristics of both. However, with a little thought, he will point out to you some more glaring differences.
Concept
Mineral is a natural, inorganic, homogeneous solid, with a defined chemical composition, with a crystalline structure. Rock is a natural aggregate of minerals (usually two or more), in defined proportions and occurring to a considerable extent […]

WHITE, Pércio de Moraes. Mineral, rock or stone? Geological Survey of Brazil. Available in: http://www.cprm.gov.br/publique/cgi/cgilua.exe/sys/start.htm? infoid=1047&rsid=129.

Questions

1) For a layman, it is difficult to distinguish between a mineral and a rock, however there are some differences between them. According to the text, what are the characteristics of minerals and rocks?
A.

2) The term “stone” for geoscientists is commonly applied only in what expression? Give examples.
A.

3) What are monomineralic rocks? Give examples.
A.

Read the excerpt below, about the soils of the Amazon and then answer the questions.

"As a consequence of the high degree of weathering and the poverty of the source material, these soils they are, in general, very acidic, poor in available nutrients and have a high aluminum content. […]. As in most highly weathered soils, organic matter plays a fundamental role in the process of plant nutrition and nutrient cycling.”

SILVA, Suzy Cristina Pedroza et al. Territorial plan for sustainable rural development: Madeira-AM territory. P.9-10.

4) Define weathering.
A.

5) Why does organic matter play a fundamental role in the action of weathering in Amazonian soils?
A.

Per Camila Farias.

At answers are in the link above the header.

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