O romanticism begins in Brazil at a time considered historic, the arrival of real family, in 1808, during this period, Rio de Janeiro was going through a very large urbanization process, becoming an attractive field for the dissemination of new European trends.
After the year 1822, Brazil grew in its independence and mainly in the feeling of nationalism, of belonging, thus seeking the past historical, the country's nature is exalted, characteristics that have already been taken by Europe and that perfectly matched the Brazilian need for self-affirmation.
O Romanticism in Brazil it had its decline marked with the decay of the slave-holding monarchy, with that in 1870, the first thinkers of a realistic tenor were already beginning to emerge, mainly by the students of the Law Faculty of Recife and São Paulo, but it was only in 1881 that the final milestone of romanticism occurred, with the first realist publications, works that were totally indifferent to romanticism, such as: O mulato, by Aluisio de Azevedo, and Posthumous Memoirs by Brás Cubas, by Machado de Assis.
Index
Initially the romantic literary school was opposed to everything that was "classic", that is, to models from classical antiquity, replaced by those from the Middle Ages, rising to the appreciation of folklore and the national. With the publication of “Suspiros poéticos e saudades”, by Gonçalves Magalhães, he presents the first directions of poetry in the first romantic generation.
Romantic nationalism portrayed the exaltation of nature, that is, the motherland nature seen in an idealized way, a role that was extremely important. importance for Brazilian romantics, the return to the historical past is also another important feature of romanticism, the exaltation of national heroes, seen as beautiful, brave, in Brazilian literature, heroes are represented by the Indians, nothing more fair isn't it? Demonstrated as beautiful, brave, witty and virtuous.
Nature becomes a vast significance for the romantics, as an extension of the homeland, a refuge against the busy life in the great urban centers of the 19th century, an extension of the poet himself and his state emotional.
Among other characteristics, such as sentimentality, self-centeredness, escapes from reality.
At the end of romanticism in Brazil, economic, social and political transformations lead to a writing that marks the struggle abolitionist, the Paraguayan War, Ideal of republic, and the strong decay of the monarchy, with this scenario, appears to the social poetry of Castro Alves.
The Brazilian Romantic literature in a formal scope escapes from the aesthetic standards and norms, free verses, without meter, estrofaction, and the white verse, without rhymes, characterized by romantic poetry. As expressed by Gonçalves Magalhães, in 1836:
“As for the form, that is, the construction, so to speak, material of the stanzas, we follow no order, expressing the ideas, as they are presented so as not to destroy the accent of inspiration; besides, the equality of verses, the regularity of the rhymes and the symmetry of the stanzas produce such monotony that they can never please.”
Sentimentality and religiosity are the main characteristics of romantic poetry, exaltation of nature, back to the historical past and medievalism, creation of the national hero, as the figure of the Indian, called Indianist.
Main Poets: Gonçalves Dias (1823-1864) - First Cantos, Last Cantos, Brazil and Oceania, Dictionary of the Tupi Language, among others.
Gonçalves de Magalhães (1811-1882) - Poetry, Poetic sighs and nostalgia, Inquisition, among others
Manuel de Araujo Porto Alegre (1806-1879) - Brasiliana Colombo
The main characteristics are self-centeredness, bohemian negativism, pessimism, doubts, teenage disillusionment and constant boredom, the great majority of the works rescue the escape from constant reality.
Main poets: Álvares de Azevedo (1831-1852)- Lira of the twenties, O conde lopo, Noite na taverna, Macário, among others
Fagundes Varela (1841-1875) - Voices of America, Religious songs, Diário de Lázaro, Voices of America, among others
Casimiro de Abreu (1839-1860) - Springs and Camões and the Jau
Junqueira Freire (1832-1855) - Inspirations from the cloister, Poetic contradictions
Strong characteristics of social poetry and would liberate works that demonstrate the internal struggles of the second half of the reign of D. Peter II. The third generation was greatly influenced by Vitor Hugo, accompanied by his political-social poetry, and may also be known as the Hugoan generation.
The condor generation represents the symbol of freedom constituted by young romantics from Latin America: the condor, an eagle that inhabits the top of the Andes mountain range.
Main Poets: Castro Alves (1847-1871) Floating Foams, The Slaves, The waterfall by Paulo Afonso, Hymns of Ecuador, Gonzaga or the revolution of Minas
Sousândrade (Joaquim de Sousa Andrade 1833-1902) - Poetic works, Savage Harp, Errant Guesa
Tobias Barreto (1837-1889) - Days and nights
If I died tomorrow (Álvares de Azevedo)
If I died tomorrow, I would at least come
Close my eyes my sad sister;
My homesick mother would die
If I die tomorrow!
"How much glory in which my future"
What a dawn to come and what a morning!
I had lost crying those wreaths,
if i die tomorrow
PROSE ROMANTIC:
One of the most important factors of Romanticism was the creation of a new look and, consequently, a new audience, that is, literature moved towards the popularity of its works, theater gained new nuances as more popular plays and nationals. With the arrival of the Royal Family in Brazil, as mentioned, the press came to exist in Brazil and, with it, the appearance of serials, serials that were of great help for the development of the romantic novel, it now meets the demands of the readership, such as: Description of customs urban areas, rural areas, characters idealized by the romantic ideology, that is, the reader, through reading, embraced the reality that belonged to him in that time.
The first Brazilian novel chronologically was O Filho do Pescador, from 1843, by Teixeira e Sousa. With the reader's taste increasingly evident, the second novel, A Moreninha, by Joaquim Manuel de Macedo, from 1844, taking from the chronological order, was considered the first truly novel Brazilian.
Bernardo Guimarães (1825-1884) The hermit of Muquem; Legends and Novels; The gold miner, The seminarian, The Indian Afonso, The slave Isaura, The golden bread, Jupira, among others
Joaquim Manuel de Macedo (1820-1882) The Moreninha, The Blond Young Man, The Two Loves, Rosa, The Magic Lunette, The Flirt, A Groom, Two Brides, among others
Jose de Alencar (1829-1877) Five minutes, The widow, Incarnation, Lady, The credit, The night of St. John, Verse and reverse, Mother, among others
Teixeira de Sousa (1812-1861) The fisherman's son, Afternoons of a painter
Paulo Eiró (1836-1871) Clean blood
Manuel de Antonio Almeida (1831-1861) Memoirs of a militia sergeant
Martins Pena (1815-1848) The justice of the peace on the farm, The accusing belt, The family and the farm festival, My uncle's belly, The misfortunes of a child
Memoirs of a militia sergeant (Manuel Antonio Almeida)
it was the time of the king
One of the four corners that form the streets of Ouvidor and Quitanda, intersecting each other, was called at that time- O canto dos bailinhos-; and the name suited it well, because it was the favorite meeting place of all individuals of that class (which then enjoyed no small consideration). The bailiffs of today are more than the caricatured shadow of bailiffs from the time of the king; these were fearsome, respectable and respected people (...)
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