THE thermodynamics studies the energy transfer system, and as all energy generates a kind of work and heat, it is a vast field for research.
Thermodynamics is studied by physics where the amounts of heat exchanged for energy are measured.
It was created by researchers who wanted to improve machines, especially from the golden period of the industrial revolution.
These researches were carried out in car engines, refrigerators, thermal machines and processes that transformed ores and oil derivatives were also researched.
Thermodynamics has laws that govern how heat becomes work and vice versa.
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Index
this law of thermodynamics studies the principle of energy conservation. In it, a system is neither destroyed nor created, it is only transformed.
When someone uses a pump to inflate an inflatable object, it uses force to force air into the object. Kinetic energy is what makes the piston go down.
But part of this energy turns into heat that is lost to the environment.
Heat transfers are carried out spontaneously, always from the hot body to the cold one and never the other way around. The thermal energy transfer process is irreversible.
In this law, the integral conversion of heat into another form of energy does not take place. Heat is a degraded form of energy.
the zero law of thermodynamics researches the conditions to obtain thermal equilibrium. Among these conditions is the influence of materials that determine a greater or lesser thermal conductivity.
In this law if a body A is in thermal equilibrium being in contact with body B and if this body A is also in equilibrium with body C, body B will be in equilibrium with body C.
When two objects with different temperatures come into contact, the hotter object will transfer heat to the colder object. Making temperatures equalize creating thermal equilibrium.
It has the name of law zero of thermodynamics because it is important to understand the two laws that already existed the first and second law.
It is studied to establish an absolute reference point that determines the basis of the second law of thermodynamics, that is, into an entropy.
Physicist Walther Hermann Nernst researched and determined that a pure substance with a temperature of zero could not entropy to an approximate value of zero.
And for this reason, many physicists consider the law of thermodynamics a rule and not a law.
In this thermodynamic system there are one or several bodies relating to each other. The universe and the environment that surrounds them representing the external environment of the system. This system is defined as open, closed or isolated.
In the open system, there is a transfer of mass and energy between the system and the external environment. In the closed, there is energy transfer (heat) and in the isolated, there is no exchange.
The behavior through a microscope is easier to understand than other physical states such as liquid and solid.
In gases, particles move in a disorderly way and interact only in collisions. These collisions that happen between the particles are considered to be elastic and last for a very short time.
In the closed system, it is assumed that the ideal gas has a behavior that involves the quantities pressure, volume and temperature.
Pressure (p) is made by the movement of gas particles inside the container. The space that the gas occupies inside the container is the volume (v) and the temperature (t) is related to the kinetic energy of the gas particles.
Internal energy helps measure how the transformation the gas undergoes takes place. This quantity is related to the variation in temperature and kinetic energy of the particles.
A gas considered ideal is formed by a type of atom, has internal energy proportional to the temperature of the gas.
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Always thinking of making it easier for you (readers of education and transformation), we decided to make all the Summary for download in PDF.
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In an isothermal transformation of an ideal gas, the product p V is constant and is worth 33,240J. The perfect gas constant is 8.31J/mol. K and the number of moles of the gas is n=5. During the process, the gas receives 2,000 J of heat from the external medium. Determine:
a) If the gas is undergoing expansion or compression;
b) The temperature of the process;
c) The variation of the internal energy of the gas;
d) The work done in the transformation.
Exercise solved here: https://youtu.be/7vZnpMwFlZE
Another solved exercise:
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