Glycolysis: what is Glycolysis? – Education and Transformation

Looks like you've heard or even seen this little word somewhere, and you're not mistaken, it could possibly be confused with glucose and both actually do part of each other, glycolysis is a biochemical process in which the glucose molecule is broken down into two smaller molecules, this process has a name, and is called the release of energy.

What is Glycolysis?

Glycolysis, as mentioned, is the process that takes place in the release of energy through the molecular breakdown of glucose (formula (C₆H₁₂O₆) glucose is obtained from the food that our body ingests, so this substance needs to be broken down, this breakdown happens in two smaller molecules of pyruvid acid, this acid contains 3 carbon atoms, as shown in this formula (Ç₃H₄O₃) this whole process is called cellular respiration, it all takes place in the scenario of hyloplasma, or it can also be called cytosol, this cytosol is a liquid present inside the cells of living beings, where molecules and cell organelles are found, forming the cytoplasm of cells.

See too:

• thermal balance
• Bohr's atomic model
• Phagocytosis

Cellular respiration of glycolysis

Cellular respiration can occur in two situations, depending a lot on the type of cell and the organism, these cells may or may not contain oxygen and is divided into aerobic and anaerobic.

AEROBICS AND THE ATP PROCESS: Aerobic respiration is a process that contains the presence of oxygen, it is a biochemical action whose function is to provide energy, these energies come from molecules called ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) it is part of a process that can be classified into ten steps, that is, ten enzymatic reactions in the glycolysis process, forming the acid pyruvic.

As mentioned, the molecule contained in the glucose it needs a break, in this break two molecules of pyruvic acid appear.

Pyruvic acid, as also mentioned, is formed by three carbon atoms, its function is to start Krebs, which are numerous chemical reactions that happen in the cell directly affecting its metabolism, it can also be called the citric acid cycle, being an important part of the breathing process. cell.

Here's a screenshot of how Krebs works in every action:

ATPs can also be called the energy investment phase (composed of nitrogenous base adenine, sugar and three phosphates), they are responsible for taking energy and store them for a specific time after that time the energy is released, this energy serves for the functioning of cellular activities, the addition of phosphates in the molecule gives glucose the division into two molecules resulting from this activation occurs, even though the ATP molecule is extremely advantageous in action, glycolysis is also, producing at the end of development 4 ATP molecules, that is, twice as much, this step can also be called the preparatory and payment phase: And by which reason? Let's check it out?

ATP in the preparatory phase is used as an energy carrier, its hydrolysis is nothing more than the breakdown of a molecule by water, providing the release of ions H⁺ and oh^-,

In the so-called payment phase, there is the appearance of 4 molecules, these 4 molecules work as a payment for the two molecules that were “used up” in the first process.

anaerobic: It can be considered as part of the glycolysis process, as the anaerobic does not have oxygen in its structure, it is not necessary for breakdown of glucose molecules, entering the process a new substance appears to help: fermentation (lactic or alcoholic) is a substance of replacement that helps oxygen walking, this process enables: cellular respiration, Krebs cycle reaction and oxidative phosphorization, which they are metabolic steps, pyruvic acid also acts in this process, because when there is no oxygen, it generates the mitochondria, so the pyruvate is transformed into acid.

Electron Aceptor in Glycolysis Reactions

It can be called receptor or acceptor, it is a chemical action, this process accepts electrons from other compounds.

• Generate ATP, molecules are oxidized
• Its action in aerobic respiration: The electron acceptor in its final stage of the process is always the oxygen, it is important to note that the electron acceptor accepts electrons from other components in the reaction chemistry
• In the anaerobic process, the final process of the electrons does not have oxygen, it is composed of another organic factor, as mentioned,
• During this process of the glycolysis reactions, four electrons and four H+ ions are released
• Of these four h+ molecules, two get rid of and are located in the cytoplasm,
• NAD+ molecules (nicothimanide-adenine) absorb the two H+ ions and four electrons, these NAD molecules are electron acceptors that capture electrons from degradation reactions and lead them to reactions that promote synthesis ATP.
• This absorption gives rise to NADH molecules

To better understand a very complex process, here is the image of the chemical process of glycolysis:

Therefore, this whole process has as its main objective the release of energy for some functions of our body, this release entails energy for the balanced functioning of the cells is a satisfactory process, if there were not all this action, the anaerobic organism would not be enough to sustain all the oxygen the body needs to ensure all the needs that arise in it, to study a little more, check out the article regarding the glucose, it is mentioned in the glycolysis process, an extremely important factor for every action.