THE pollination it is an indispensable process for the development of plants and the production of food, it is through pollination that there is fertilization, development of new seeds and consequently, the emergence of new plants is a great ally in maintaining the enormous biodiversity existing on our planet earth, let's learn a little more about this process?
Index
Most plants are hermaphrodites, that is, they have two genitals, the male and female organs, and there are those with only one organ, called dioecious. Pollination is a process of transferring male reproductive cells to the female receptor, this whole process is reproduction. between the flowers, at this stage the male gamete reaches the female gamete, thus occurring the fertilization, through this fertilization there is the emergence of new seeds and the growth of new plants, fruits, that is, pollination is a very important factor for every habitat and the living beings.
Pollination occurs through the pollen of flowers, there are two types of pollination: Crossed and self-pollinated.
Cross or indirect pollination: Cross-pollination occurs when the transfer of pollen is made from a flower plant to another plant of the same species. tomato plant, the pollinator takes the pollen from the flower of a tomato plant to the flower of a tomato plant, causing fertilization and the production of fruits and seeds. tomato, in this form of pollination is advantageous, as there are genetic varieties present in this process, thus allowing large variations from a plant to other. The main pollinator in these cases is the wind and some species of birds.
self-pollination: In self-pollination, the reproductive material is sent from the male organ to the female organ in the same flower, in this process the plant does not depend on other flowers to happen to fertilization, that is, the self-fertilization of the flower happens, it is not so advantageous, because it prevents more genetic possibilities from acting in the environment. Few flowers carry out self-pollination, due to the fact that some contain mechanisms that prevent it. occurs because female gametes mature much faster than male gametes, occurring mismatch.
The transfer of pollen can occur in several ways, through wind, insects, butterflies, birds, water, man, in the man factor is when using manual pollination. The types of pollination occur according to the pollinating agent, which can be of abiotic or biotic levels.
ABIOTICS (lifeless)
Hydrophilic: This type of pollination occurs through water, the same happens in a process with marine plants, which can occur both at the bottom marine or on the surface, for example the monocots, the water works as a pollination agent, it takes the pollen from the male flower to meet the female flower, the pollen grain of these flowers are more sticky, thus facilitating the absorption of same.
anemophilous: This type of pollination occurs through the wind, the anemophilous usually occurs in plants that have the structure of flowers well. small, this type of action usually occurs in gymnosperms and angiosperms, these plants are the great pollen producers, with a large amount of the substance, that is, the pollination efficiency is greater, the angiosperms do not smell like the others flowers.
BIOTICS (present life)
Entomophilia: The pollinating agents are insects, such as bees, flies, butterflies, wasps, the attraction of these insects for the flower occurs by the odor that the flower releases and visually strong colors, and in them insects find a way to feed, such as nectar, when insects touch in these flowers they carry the pollen with them and touching other flowers consequently lets the pollens used to spill, resulting in pollination indirectly.
Ornithology: This type of pollination occurs by birds such as hummingbirds. The flowers that are pollinated usually have a thinly structured nectar in their core and with high amounts, the flowers usually attracted by these pollinators are colored vibrant, like yellow and even shades of red, unlike other flowers there is not so much odor in their leaves, this is due to the fact that pollinators do not have such a sense of smell. verified.
Chiropterophilia: Bats, that's right, are also considered pollinators, generally bats like flowers with greater abundance of nectar, the smell of flowers pollinated by bats is very strong and its leaves are not very showy, that is, they are not so colorful and they usually open the leaves only at night, which is the ideal time for bats, they also pollinate fruits.
Here is the image of a beautiful pollinating bat:
The most important pollinators are bees, 35% per cent of what we eat depends on their pollination, according to data from the bees are pollinators of 10% of the world agricultural GDP, corresponding to 200 million dollars a year, bees are extreme importance in the gardens for us to have good productivity and food quality, it is important to preserve them and attract them to plantations.
Pollination guarantees the preservation of biodiversity, the growth of seeds, plants and fruits for food for living beings, without it there would not be these foods that are so important for the survival.
This video demonstrates in a very clear and interactive way the importance of pollination:
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