Astronomers using the James Webb Space Telescope, the most powerful telescope ever built, have made a remarkable discovery. They identified a Galaxy massive, densely packed object called GS-9209, located at a staggering distance of 25 billion light-years.
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The discovery of GS-9209 was made in 2004 by Karina Caputi, a PhD student at the University of Edinburgh. At the time, it was being supervised by Professors Jim Dunlop and Ross McLure at the university's School of Physics and Astronomy.
Since then, Karina Caputi has become a professor at the University of Groningen, located in the Netherlands. Her discovery played a key role in advancing knowledge about primordial galaxies and understanding star formation in the early stages of the Universe.
According to the researchers, this galaxy formed in an extremely ancient period, only 600 BC. 800 million years after the Big Bang, making it the oldest of its kind found to date.
Despite being considerably smaller in size compared to the Milky Way, galaxy GS-9209 is packed with stars. Surprisingly, it is home to a similar number of stars as our own galaxy.
Estimates indicate that these stars have a combined mass of about 40 billion times that of our Sun. The formation of these stars occurred rapidly in the past, before star formation in the galaxy GS-9209 ceased, according to the research team.
These findings provide important insights into star formation processes in primordial galaxies and contribute to our understanding of the evolution of the Universe.
GS-9209 represents the oldest known example of a quiescent galaxy, that is, a galaxy that is no longer forming stars.
When the research team observed the galaxy 1.25 billion years after the Big Bang, it was evident that no stars had formed in the galaxy for approximately half a billion years.
This discovery is of great importance, as it helps to better understand the evolution of galaxies over cosmic time and the processes that led to the formation of quiescent galaxies.
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