To the chromosomal abnormalities are changes in allele genes caused by factors such as mutations, failures of gene recombination or unknown factors.
This alteration in the genetic material can cause several syndromes in the individual.
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We prepared a list of exercises on chromosomal anomalies so you can test your knowledge on this topic!
You can consult the feedback and save this list in PDF at the end of the post!
1) (PUC-RJ) Which of the alternatives presents the chromosomal constitution of an individual who has two Barr bodies in interphase cells?
a) 45, X0.
b) 46, XX.
c) 46, XY.
d) 47, XXY.
e) 48, XXXY.
2) Human beings have 23 pairs of chromosomes, one pair of which is called sex chromosomes. Women have the XX pair, and the man has the XY pair. The increase in the number of sex chromosomes can lead to the emergence of super males and super females. On the subject, mark the correct alternative.
a) Supermales have a 47,XXY karyotype.
b) Super males have great intellect but abnormal fertility.
c) Superfemales have an extra X chromosome.
d) Super females and super males have all the characteristics of a normal person.
3) (Fuvest) A man with a 47, XYY karyotype can originate from the union of two gametes, one with 24 chromosomes and the other with 23. The abnormal gamete:
a) It is an egg.
b) is a sperm.
c) can be an egg or a sperm.
d) is an ovogonia.
e) is a spermatogonia.
4) Abnormalities of the sex chromosomes occur due to problems in meiosis during the formation of gametes. The problem can occur during separation of homologous chromosomes in the ________ or segregation of sister chromatids in the ________ without disjunction of the sex chromosomes occurring.
Mark the alternative that completes, respectively, the two spaces above.
a) prophase I and prophase II
b) metaphase I and metaphase II
c) anaphase I and anaphase II
d) telophase I and telophase II
e) interphase I and interphase II
5) Down syndrome is caused by a chromosomal anomaly in which the carrier has cells with three chromosomes of the number 21. Those affected are usually short in stature, relatively short neck, slanted eyes, short and wide hands, among other characteristics. This syndrome is an example of:
a) euploidy.
b) aneuploidy.
c) deletion.
d) duplication.
i) translocation.
6) In aneuploidy, a type of numerical chromosomal aberration, changes occur in the number of one or more pairs of chromosomes. An example of aneuploidy is Turner syndrome, in which the individual has only one X chromosome, and is therefore always female. In this case, there is a person with short stature, atrophied ovaries, webbed neck, hormone deficiency, among other characteristics. This type of aneuploidy is called:
a) Nullisomy.
b) monosomy.
c) trisomy.
d) tetrasomy.
7) In Turner syndrome, we have an individual with 45 chromosomes and who has only one sex chromosome X. About this chromosomal alteration, mark the incorrect alternative.
a) Individuals with Turner syndrome can be female or male.
b) Individuals with Turner syndrome can be represented by the karyotype 45, X.
c) Females with Turner syndrome lack sex chromatin.
d) Underdeveloped secondary sexual characters is one of the characteristics of a Turner syndrome carrier.
e) Turner syndrome is a monosomy.
8) We know that chromosomal aberrations can be numerical or structural. Mark the alternative that correctly indicates the processes that lead to structural changes:
a) Euploidy, aneuploidy and duplication.
b) Duplication, transcription and translation.
c) Deletion, translocation and transcription.
d) Deletion, inversion and translocation.
e) Inversion, deletion and transcription.
9) (Enem) Karyotyping is a method that analyzes an individual's cells to determine their chromosomal pattern. This technique consists of photographing, in sequence, the pairs of chromosomes and allows the identification of a normal individual (46, XX or 46, XY) or one with some chromosomal alteration. The investigation of the karyotype of a male child, with morphological changes and cognitive impairment, found that he had a karyotypic formula 47, XY, +18.
The child's chromosomal alteration can be classified as:
a) structural, deletion type.
b) numerical, of the euploidy type.
c) numerical, of the polyploidy type.
d) structural, of the duplication type.
e) numerical, of the aneuploidy type.
10) (UFMT) Regarding chromosomal mutations, read the statements below:
I – Numerical mutations can be classified into two types: euploidy and aneuploidy.
II – Euploidy is when there is loss or addition of one or a few chromosomes. Aneuploidy is when genomes are lost or added (3n, 4n cells are formed, and so on).
III – Euploidy is when there is loss or addition of genomes. Aneuploidy is when there is loss or addition of one or a few chromosomes.
IV – Down syndrome and Turner syndrome are some examples of aneuploidies.
They are correct:
a) I and II, only
b) I and III, only
c) I, II and IV, only
d) I, III and IV, only
e) III and IV, only
1 and
2 — c
3 — b
4 — c
5 — b
6 — b
7 — the
8 — d
9 and
10 — d
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