A transmission of hereditary traits occur through a combination of genes containing the DNA of each parent that will give rise to the chromosomes of the new individual.
In this class, students will be able to understand the concepts of genetics and know how the mechanisms that are directly related to the transmission of characteristics work.
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you can save this lesson plan on genes, DNA and chromosomes in PDF at the end of the post, enjoy!
THEME: Genes, DNA and chromosomes
SUGGESTED TIME: 2 classes
GOALS:
MATERIAL REQUIRED:
DEVELOPMENT:
Start the lesson using a mind map about genetics concepts to remind students of some terms on the subject.
Introduce the lesson topic to students and ask if they know why puppies are born with traits similar to their parents. You can use humans or dogs as an example to make it easier to understand.
Read the basic text about genes, DNA and chromosomes.
Show students that the characteristics of a living being are defined by its genetic material, which is encoded in the sequences of nitrogenous bases that make up DNA.
Show students the composition of DNA, introduce the four nitrogenous bases:
Teach them how to group them together to form nucleotides, making it clear that adenine only binds to thymine, and cytosine to guanine. In addition, DNA is made up of a sugar called deoxyribose, a phosphate molecule.
The DNA originates the genes that are organized forming the set of chromosomes of each species. Each cell has the genetic material that encodes its functions and characteristics, and it is protected within the cell nucleus.
Explain to students that several fragments of DNA form genes and they have hundreds of nucleotides that are mainly responsible for transmitting characteristics to descendants.
Genes can be considered allele genes when they occupy the same location and determine the same characteristics — however, they can have variations, such as hair or eye color.
Once you understand how genes work, explain to students which sets of genes make up the chromosomes that are characteristic for each species.
It is important to remind students that each species has its own number of chromosomes and this is an important feature to differentiate living beings.
Students may have homework to research the number of chromosomes in as many species as they can find.
make a list of exercises on the nucleus of cells to fix the content studied.
ASSESSMENT:
The evaluation of this class can be done through the participation of the students, the resolution of the list of exercises and the delivery of the research on chromosomes in the next class.
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