O greenhouse effect is a natural atmospheric phenomenon present on Earth in which gases are concentrated and form a layer that allows the passage of Sun rays.
Thus, the process is responsible for maintaining the range of terrestrial temperature habitable for living beings. Without the phenomenon, the temperature of the Earth it would be around -18°C and many organisms would go extinct.
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However, the greenhouse effect has been aggravated by human action, which, consequently, contributes to the global warming. To understand this phenomenon, check out what is the greenhouse effect and how does it work.
The Sun emits heat in solar rays and part of this heat is absorbed by the Earth, rivers, oceans and another part is reflected back to the atmosphere. However, a portion of the reflected solar energy reaches the layer created by the greenhouse gases, heating the Earth and maintaining the necessary energy balance.
the main ones greenhouse gases they are:
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere. The burning of fossil fuels is largely responsible for the emission of this gas. With the industrialization of the means of production, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased by about 35%.
Methane gas
O methane gas It is colorless, odorless and toxic if inhaled. This gas is produced by cattle during digestion, however, 60% of the emission occurs in landfills and landfills.
Nitrous oxide
Nitrous oxide is expelled by terrestrial or aquatic bacteria. Agricultural practices are the main responsible for the emission with the use of nitrogenous fertilizers.
Fluoride gases
Fluoride gases are produced in order to meet industrial needs.
Some examples of these gases are: hydrofluorocarbons, used in heating and cooling systems; sulfur hexafluoride, used in the electronics industry; perfluorocarbon, emitted in aluminum production; and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), responsible for the destruction of the ozone layer.
water vapor
Steam is found suspended in the Earth's atmosphere and is also responsible for retaining solar energy.
In recent decades, the greenhouse effect has been intensified with the emission of gases from industrial processes. In addition, the logging also contributes, as it makes it impossible for the earth to absorb solar energy.
In a period of one hundred years, the planet's temperature increased by approximately 0.85 °C on the continents and 0.55 °C on the oceans, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The forecast is for an increase of 2.5 to 5 °C in the period from 2020 to 2050, if the activities responsible for the emissions do not act on the issue.
According to the IPCC, the consequences of global warming are:
Worldwide, countries have already addressed the need to control the greenhouse effect. In 1997, several countries signed the Kyoto Protocol, including Brazil, to raise awareness on the subject. Ten years before that, the Montreal Protocol, with the objective of reducing the emission of gases that destroy the ozone layer.
The IPCC pointed out that, between the years 2010 and 2050, the emission of greenhouse gases must be reduced from 40% to 70%. To make this possible, some goals were established:
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