A amazon It is a Brazilian biome of enormous importance, not only nationally, but worldwide. It contains millions of species of organisms that contribute fundamentally to science, as well as several other purposes.
To know more about this biome so essential, check it out all about amazon.
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O Amazon biome covers about 40% of the national territory and is present in the states of For, amazon, Amapá, Acre, Rondônia, roraima, Maranhao, Tocantins It is Mato Grosso.
With the extension, the biome is considered as shelter of the largest biodiversity world, with a rich variety of registered microorganisms, plants and animals.
The Amazon also has the largest reserve of fresh water of the Earth's surface and a complex network of rivers.
One of the characteristics of the Amazon is high humidity. This happens with constant rain and high temperature, with variations between 22 °C and 28 °C.
The climate of the region is humid equatorial, which provides rainfall throughout the year and short dry periods.
The biome is made up of plains, depressions It is plateaus. Plains are terrains with little variation in altitude and, therefore, are flooded by rivers. Depressions are flattened reliefs where low hills are found.
Plateaus have elevated surfaces. Thus, the highest plateau in the country is the Guiana Plateau. It is on this plateau that you will find Pico da Neblina, the highest point in Brazil, at around 3,015 meters.
Water is an important factor in this ecosystem. As the largest reserve of surface fresh water, the biome has the Amazon river as the main one, with more than a thousand tributaries.
Rivers are classified into three types: clear water, muddy water and black water. The color of the water is determined according to the substances found.
Rivers with muddy waters, like the Amazon River itself, have sediments and nutrients. Clear water rivers, such as the Xingu, have many waterfalls and do not bathe many soils rich in nutrients, which guarantees crystal clear water.
Blackwater rivers, such as the Rio Negro, originate in plains and carry sand and humus, the decomposed organic material that gives color.
The Amazonian vegetation is divided into three categories: upland forests, floodplain forests and igapó forests.
Terra firme forests are characterized by not suffering from flooding, as they are located in higher regions. These regions have large trees, such as Brazil nut trees and palm trees.
On the other hand, the floodplain forests suffer from river flooding at certain times of the year. The relief also characterizes this vegetation, since in the highest part, the flooding time is short and the vegetation resembles the upland forests.
In the flat regions, which remain flooded for a longer time, the vegetation is similar to that of the igapó forests.
The igapó forests, in turn, are almost always flooded due to their location on low ground, with low vegetation such as bushes, vines and mosses.
The soil of the Amazon is sandy and has a thin layer of biological material that provides nutrients. In the deforested areas, the rains carry the nutrients through the water, known as leaching. This process impoverishes the soil, which means that only 14% of the territory is suitable for agriculture.
Likewise, the balance of the ecosystem occurs with the release of nutrients from the organic material and their rapid absorption.
Research shows that there are around 30 million species in the Amazon, not to mention those not found and studied by scientists. For example, monkeys are remarkable in the region, with species such as coatás, sakis and woolly monkeys.
There are also land mammals like ounces, anteaters, squirrels, and mammals aquatic animals such as manatees and porpoises.
Reptiles are also found, such as lizards, alligators, turtles and snakes. Among amphibians, there are several types of frogs, toads and tree frogs.
The fish are also numerous: in the Amazonian waters are 85% of the fish species of the entire South America. Every year thousands of them migrate trying to find suitable places for reproduction and spawning, in the so-called Piracema.
Insects play important roles in this ecosystem, such as beetles, ants, moths and wasps.
In addition, more than a thousand species of birds have been cataloged in the regions, such as parrots, toucans and macaws, symbols of the Amazon.
The biome is part of the Amazon Forest, which also covers parts of the countries of the Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana.
Brazil has the largest extension of the largest rainforest in the world, with 60%. Peru already has 13%, Colombia with 10%, and small amounts in Bolivia, Ecuador, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and Venezuela.
A Amazon rainforest it is a repository of ecological services, not only for local communities, but also for the whole world. In this way, trees serve as lungs, filtering and processing the world's production of carbon dioxide.
In addition, biodiversity is a great ally in medicine, as it offers raw material for the creation of vaccines, antivenoms and drugs. Also, the forest offers materials for extraction for different purposes, it regulates the climate of all of South America and regulates the greenhouse effect.
In short, the forest makes several contributions to the entire planet.
Despite its importance, many factors threaten the preservation of the Amazon, such as fires, creation of pastures and human settlements, which resulted and still contribute to the deforestation of the Amazon rainforest.
In 1995, the largest deforestation in the region occurred. In Brazil, the state of Pará holds the record for deforestation in the Amazon. Thus, this action releases a significant amount of greenhouse gases. For this reason, reducing deforestation in the Amazon is the best action to reduce gas emission levels.
Thus, since 1998, the Ministry of the Environment, in partnership with the National Institute for Space Research (Inpe), of the Ministry of Science and Technology, has been monitoring deforestation via satellite.
The objective is to quantify deforestation in areas with native vegetation and provide a basis for inspection, control and combat actions against illegal deforestation. Also, it is possible to measure the greenhouse gases derived from illegal deforestation.
A Legal Amazon It is an area that covers nine Brazilian states: Amazonas, Acre, Amapá, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima, Mato Grosso, Maranhão and Tocantins. Created in 1953, it comprises about 60% of the Brazilian territory. The objective of the Legal Amazon is to promote the socioeconomic development of the region.
On the other hand, the International Amazon is the area that covers several countries in Latin America, also known as the Amazon Forest, as well as the Amazon Jungle, Rain Forest and Equatorial Forest of Amazon.
As mentioned, the countries are: Brazil, Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia and Peru, with about 7 million km².
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