Anton Makarenko was a Ukrainian educator who worked at an institution for minor offenders. He sought to improve education for these young people, transforming this place that was just a place to work into a place also focused on education. Besides being a pedagogue he was also a great writer, he wrote in addition to educational books as well as various writings and screenplays.
Anton Semionovitch Makarenko, son of Semion Grigorievitch Makarenko and Tatiana Mikhailovna Dergatchova, was born on March 13, 1888.
When he turned 7 he entered primary school and studied for two years, but he could read and write since he was 5 years old, so he quickly became the best student in the school.
In 1901 the entire Makarenko family moved to a house on the outskirts of Kriukov in the town of Krementchug. Makarenko liked literature, sports, music, etc.
At age 16, after finishing high school, he became a teacher. A year later in 1905 he finished his teaching classes receiving his certificate of educator. He took up a position as a Russian language teacher at Kriukov Railway Primary School on 1 September.
Makarenko was transferred in 1910 to another school by the District Directorate of Instruction, as he accused the director-general of the school where he worked of being corrupt and royalist. After this event he gained the respect of teachers, a year later he was appointed inspector of public instruction.
He wrote a short story in 1914 about the presence of religion in education. He sent a handwritten copy to Gorki, who sent him a severe criticism, but this was accompanied by a boost to his creativity. After receiving this answer he resigned from the school where he taught, to make his specialization to teach in higher education at the Pedagogical Institute of Poltava.
Until the end of 1917, he participated in organizing the teams responsible for the creation of workers' teaching in Ukraine.
A year later Makarenko was chosen by Kryukov's political council to head the railway school where he taught at the beginning of his teaching career. That same year, the decree “On the Separation of the Church from the State and the School from the Church” was approved by the Council of People's Commissars in Moscow.
Makarenko moves to the city of Poltava in 1919 and assumes the direction of the Department of Primary Education at the Institute of Education. Lenin signed the decree on the elimination of illiteracy that same year. He started to create parameters between theory, practice and dialectics of the pedagogical process, where the school starts to be understood as a collectivity that must have organized processes.
In September 1920 Makarenko is assigned to direct the experimental teaching colony against child delinquency. After some time he narrates this experience in “Pedagogical Poem” thus making the Gorki Colony known worldwide.
He meets his future wife, Galina Stakhievna Salko, in 1922. She is the head of the people's commissariat for public education, they were married in 1927.
In 1924, the salary for students was instituted, which led to protests and controversy among practically all teachers, the purpose of this salary was to teach the student how to deal with money.
Makarenko received the title of Red Hero of Labour, a year later, by the People's Commissariat for Public Instruction; he also won a trip to Moscow and Leningrad.
In 1927 he elaborates a project to transform 18 working colonies into a pedagogical complex, this proposal is accepted and serves as the basis for the creation of the General Directorate of Children's Colonies. Under the responsibility of your future wife. That same year Makarenko and Galina got married and published “The Parents' Book.”
On September 3, 1928 Makarenko assumes the direction of the Dzerzhinski Commune, which two years later he transforms into the first self-governing public school in the world. Where education for work becomes a productive education, combining studies with work.
Filmmaker Nikolai Ekk is interested in producing a film about Makarenko's “Pedagogical Poem”. That same year, the filmmaker filmed “the path of life”, which showed the events recounted in the poem, this film was the best of the 1932 Venice Film Festival.
Over the next five years Makarenko published several writings. But in February 1937 he moved to Moscow with his family as he was in very poor health. He then goes on to dedicate himself to conducting lectures and writing his books. Even with the worsening in his clinical condition in 1938, he continued to devote himself to literature launching the novel "Newton's Rings".
A year later on January 31st he received the title Order of the Red Banner of Labour, that year he published the book “Bandeiras nas Torres”, he also wrote several scripts for the movie theater.
Makarenko died on April 1, on his return from a trip to the city of Golitsino.
Book download: Anton Makarenko
report this ad