Bartolomeu Bueno da Silva, also known as Anhanguera, was an explorer and sertanista bandeirante. At age 12, he already accompanied his father, also called Bartolomeu Bueno da Silva, on his expeditions.
After several flags, at the age of 50, he found gold in Rio Vermelho. He was named Captain-General of the mines and founded Arraial de Sant’Anna, the future Vila Boa and currently known as Goiás Velho.
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Bartolomeu Bueno da Silva (son), was born in Parnaíba, São Paulo, in 1672. He inherited from his father the nickname of anhanguera (Old Devil), given by indigenous from the Goyazes tribe.
Bartolomeu Bueno da Silva (father), left towards the gold lodes, in Goias, with a large caravan and accompanied by his son, who was only 10 years old.
In search of gold, in 1701, he settled in Sabará and, later, in São João do Pará and Pitangui, where he was appointed district assistant. As gold exploration increased in Sabará (gold shipments to the metropolis), the number of explorers also grew.
Thus, there were numerous conflicts that arose in the region. In 1720, the independence of Minas Gerais became official and the people of São Paulo were forced to look for other mining areas.
Two years later, with the support of King D. João V, Anhanguera and their partners, João Leite da Silva Ortiz and Domingos Rodrigues do Prado, signed a contract to search for mines in the lands of Goiás, where their father had already found gold. In the same year, a large expedition departed from São Paulo towards the gold of the West.
After three years exploring the region in search of the famous Serra dos Martírios, gold was finally found in the Rio Vermelho. Upon returning to São Paulo, with the conquest of the Goiás mines, Bartolomeu won sesmarias and the right to charge a fee on the passage of rivers that led to the Goiás mines.
The formation of the city of Goiás, known today as Goiás Velho, began after these discoveries. In 1726, Anhanguera was appointed captain-major and founded the camp of Sant'Anna. However, seven years later, the right to charge for crossing rivers was suspended because Anhanguera was withholding tribute from the Crown.
The authority of the bandeirante was limited by the king's delegates and, in 1739, the camp was named Vila Boa de Goiás, currently the city of Goiás.
Bartolomeu Bueno da Silva (son) died poor in Vila Boa de Goiás, on September 19, 1740.
The Goyá tribe, also known as Goiá or Goyazes, originated in Midwest region and settled in Arraial de Sant’Anna, specifically at the source of the Vermelho River and in Serra Dourada. According to archaeological reports, it received this name erroneously from Bartolomeu Filho, considering that the indigenous people were called Kayapós.
It was in the name of the tribe that inspired the name of the Goias state. The Goyazes were decimated with the arrival of the bandeirantes, erasing even its linguistic or archaeological remains.
At work Roots of Brazil, Sérgio Buarque de Holanda alluded to the Goyazes, speaking about the belief that the central parts of the South America were inhabited by Pygmy peoples, that is, the Goyazes.
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