You poriferousthey are invertebrate animals that belong to the Phylum Porifera and have a body full of pores, as they are sessile and filtering animals. Representatives of this group are sponges.
We prepared a list of exercises on porifera so you can test your knowledge about sea sponges.
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1) (UFC) “Reefs are environments resistant to the action of waves and marine currents, being among the most productive ecosystems. They may or may not have a biogenic origin. Biogenic reefs are formed by marine organisms (animals and plants) provided with calcareous skeleton”. Science Today, Jan-Feb 200, p. 19”.
The most representative animal phylum in reef formation and its respective class is:
a) Arthropoda – Crustacea.
b) Mollusca-Gastropoda.
c) Cnidaria – Anthozoa.
d) Mollusca-Cephalopoda.
e) Cnidaria – Scyphozoa.
2) (UFAC) Regarding porifera, which of the statements below is true?
a) They are invertebrate organisms that have a body with bilateral symmetry and a porous surface.
b) They are invertebrate organisms, with a body supported only by spongin fibers, which have choanocytes as their characteristic cell type. They live mainly in marine environment.
c) They are organisms popularly known as sponges, which have aquatic life, mainly in the sea, and reproduce exclusively sexually.
d) They are organisms popularly known as sponges, which have aquatic life, mainly in fresh water, and live attached to a substrate.
e) They are invertebrate organisms, with a body supported by spicules or fibers that have choanocytes as their characteristic cell type and live mainly in the marine environment.
3) (UFLA) The statements below refer to cnidarians.
I – The gastrodermis has enzyme-producing cells that facilitate digestion.
II – They have a complete digestive tract and intra and extracellular digestion.
II – Food fragments are partially digested in cnidoblasts.
Tick the correct alternative:
a) Only statements I and II are correct.
b) only statement I is correct.
c) only statement II is correct.
d) Only statements II and III are correct.
4) (UFPI) Indicate the characteristics that make the organisms of the phylum Porifera very different from those of other animal phyla:
a) cannot reproduce.
b) the adult forms are sessile.
c) do not respond to external stimuli.
d) feed through filtration mechanisms.
e) its cells are not organized into tissues.
5) (UFSJ) Sponges (Poriferans), primitive organisms on the evolutionary scale, are insensitive to touch. Anemones and corals (Cnidarians) retract when we touch them. To what do you attribute this behavioral difference in the two groups of animals?
a) The rigid exoskeleton, of calcareous formation, prevents the movement of Porifera.
b) The nervous and muscular systems, although rudimentary, are present only in Cnidarians.
c) Cnidarians have cnidocytes, which are primitive sensory cells scattered diffusely in the animal's epidermis.
d) Cnidarians are the first animals to have a central nervous cord connected to epidermal neurons, sensitive to mechanical, chemical and light stimuli.
6) Poriferans, like other animals, have a great capacity for regeneration. This regeneration occurs by the presence of totipotent cells capable of multiplying, originating other cells. What is the name of these cells?
a) porocyte.
b) amoebocyte.
c) choanocyte.
d) scleroblast.
e) spongin.
7) (FURG) Mark the alternative that presents the function of the cell types of Porifera.
a) Digestion of food is carried out by choanocytes, and nutrients are distributed by pinacocytes.
b) Choanocytes are responsible for the phagocytosis of food particles.
c) Amebocytes are responsible only for the production of spicules.
d) Porocytes are the cells that surround the opening of the osculum, through which water enters the spongiocoel.
e) Pinacocytes form the tissue present between the outer wall of the body and the wall of the spongiocoel.
8) In the animal kingdom there are several known phyla. The poriferans are those considered the most primitive. What is the main characteristic of porifera?
a) They live in the sea.
b) have stinging cells.
c) have pores all over the body.
d) are edible.
e) have a flattened body.
9) (UERJ) The sight of a medusa, a delicate transparent dome of pulsating crystal, irresistibly suggested to me that life is organized water. Jacques Cousteau – “Simple Life”, October 2003.
The proposed analogy refers to the large proportion of water in the body of jellyfish. However, an important feature of the phylum to which they belong is the presence of cnidocytes or cnidoblasts, cells that produce stinging substances.
Two animals belonging to the same phylum as jellyfish are indicated in:
a) hydra – barnacle.
b) hydra – sponge.
c) sea anemone – coral.
d) sea anemone – sponge.
e) sponge – anemones.
10) (PUC-RS) Regarding the anatomical characteristics of sponges, it is correct to state that:
a) sponges with an asconoid structure are the most complex and do not have choanocytes in the atrial cavity.
b) the skeleton of sponges is formed by siliceous microtubules always located in the atrium.
c) below the pinacocytes is a gelatinous protein matrix containing skeletal material and amoebocytes.
d) sponges of the leuconoid type are the only ones that do not have pores on the surface of the body.
e) The nervous system of sponges is poorly developed, but it already has neurons of various types.
1 – c
2 – and
3 – b
4 – and
5 – b
6 – b
7 – b
8 – c
9 – c
10 – c
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