You nucleic acids are molecules made up of a sequence of nucleotides. Each nucleotide is formed by a sugar from the pentose group, a phosphate radical and a nitrogen base which can be Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine or Uracil.
Together they form the molecules of DNA It is RNA, responsible for transmitting characters through descendants.
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We have prepared a list of exercises so that you can test your knowledge about nucleic acids. Check the template and save this list in PDF at the end of the post!
1) (PUCC-SP) The items below refer to the structure, composition and function of nucleic acids.
Structure: I) Double helix; II) Single chain.
Composition: 1) Presence of uracil; 2) Presence of thymine.
Function: a) protein synthesis; b) gene transcription.
The following are characteristics of ribonucleic acid:
a) II-2-b
b) I-1-a
c) I-2-b
d) II-1-a
e) II-1-b
2) Choose the alternative that contains the words that complete the sentence below:
There are five main types of nitrogenous bases: adenine, ______________, cytosine, __________ and uracil. The first two have a double ring of carbon atoms and are derived from a substance called ____________, which is why they are called ______________ bases.
a) Guanine, thymine, purine, purines.
b) Thymine, guanine, pyrimidine, purines.
c) Thymine, guanine, pyrimidine, purines.
d) Thymine, guanine, purines, pyrimidines.
e) Guanine, thymine, purine, pyrimidine.
3) Mark the incorrect alternative:
a) The name nucleic acid indicates that DNA and RNA molecules are acidic and were first identified in the nucleus of cells.
b) DNA is found in the nucleus, forming the chromosomes and part of the nucleoli, and also in small amounts in the mitochondria and chloroplast.
c) Ribonucleic acid is found in the nucleolus, ribosomes, cytosol, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
d) Both DNA and RNA are formed by linking together large numbers of smaller molecules, nucleotides.
e) The bases in the DNA molecule are adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil.
4) Examples of nucleic acids are:
a) Proteins and lipids.
b) DNA and RNA.
c) Monosaccharides and disaccharides.
d) adenine and guanine.
e) Thymine and uracil.
5) Nucleotides are monomers that form nucleic acids. Analyze the alternatives below and mark the one that mentions the basic components of a nucleotide.
a) A ribose, a phosphate group, and a thymine.
b) A pentose, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
c) A pentose, a phosphate group and a pyrimidine base.
d) A ribose, a phosphate group and a purine base.
e) A protein, a carbohydrate and a lipid.
6) Nitrogenous bases can be divided into purine and pyrimidine bases. Mark the alternative that contains the names of the pyrimidine bases.
a) adenine, cytosine, and thymine.
b) Adenine, thymine, and uracil.
c) Guanine, thymine, and uracil.
d) Cytosine, thymine, and uracil.
e) Cytosine, thymine, and guanine.
7) Nucleic acids are made up of monomers called:
a) nucleopids.
b) nucleoids.
c) nucleotides.
d) nucleolus.
i) Nucleoplasms.
8) (UECE) Nucleic acids are macromolecules that make up the genetic material of all living beings. About nucleic acids, mark the correct one.
a) DNA is replicated through a process called gene transcription.
b) Messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized from transfer RNA (tRNA).
c) A polypeptide chain is the result of the union of amino acids according to the codon sequence of the messenger RNA.
d) Viruses are unicellular beings and their nucleic acids are very important for microbiological studies.
9) (UFU) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the biological molecule that carries the genetic information of a given organism. Consider that man has a total of 6000 nucleotides, 30% of which is Adenine. Mark the alternative that corresponds, respectively, to the amount of Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine bases.
a) 1800; 1200; 1200.
b) 1200; 1800; 1200.
c) 1200; 1200; 1800.
d) 1400; 1400; 1400.
10) (UNESP) In a laboratory, a researcher heated a segment of double stranded DNA so that two complementary single strands were obtained. By sequencing one of these strands, he found the ratio (A + G) / (T + C) = 0.5, that is, the number of adenines added to the number of guanines, when divided by the number of thymines added to the number of cytosines, resulted at 0.5.
Based on this information, it can be stated that heating was necessary to break the _______ and that the ratio (A + G)/(T + C) in the complementary strand was _____.
The gaps are filled correctly and respectively by:
a) hydrogen bonds and 0.5.
b) hydrogen bonds and 1.0.
c) hydrogen bonds and 2.0.
d) phosphodiester and 1,0 linkages.
e) phosphodiester and 2,0 bonds.
1 — d
2 — the
3 — and
4 — b
5 — b
6 — d
7 — c
8 — c
9 — the
10 — c
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