You multiple alleles are also known as polyallelia. They are characterized by a gene with three or more alleles and not just two as normally a gene locus presents.
Polyallelia determines a single expression of the phenotype for multiple alleles, it is believed to be derived from genetic mutations.
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We prepared a list of exercises about multiple alleles or polyallelia so you can test your knowledge of that content.
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1) (UFSCar) Regarding the ABO blood system, a boy, when submitted to the serological examination, revealed the absence of agglutinins. His parents had different blood groups and each had only one agglutinin. The probable genotypes of the boy's parents are:
a) IBi-ii
b) IAi – ii
c) IAIB - IAi
d) IAIB - IAIA
e) IAi – IBi
2) (IFMG) Blood groups are defined according to the presence of agglutinogens on the surface of red blood cells. Individuals with group A blood have agglutinogen A, individuals with group B blood have agglutinogen B, individuals with blood group AB have both agglutinogens and individuals in group O do not have either of these two agglutinogens. Fernanda's father belongs to group B, while her mother belongs to blood group A. His maternal grandmother and paternal grandfather had group O blood. Thus, the probability that Fernanda belongs to group AB is:
a) 100%.
b) 75%.
c) 50%.
d) 25%.
3) (UFRGS) Suppose that in a certain diploid species there is a character related to a series of four alleles (multiple alleles). In a given individual of the referred species, the maximum number of represented alleles related to the character in question will be equal to:
a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8
e) 10
4) (UPE) João Silva, young, studious, applied and very responsible, student at a school in the State of Pernambuco, was one of those selected to participate in the State Biology Olympiad. On the day of the Olympics, he was handed an assessment in which there were the following statements about multiple alleles:
i. Multiple alleles result from successive mutations of preexisting genes at a given locus, and their genetic effects depend on their dominance relationships.
II. In the gametes of a diploid individual, there can be two different multiple alleles of a given series, and in somatic cells, there is only one.
III. The multiple mutant alleles that arise establish conditions for the appearance of yet another new phenotypic expression of that character in that species.
IV. The determination of blood type, in the human species, from the ABO system, is an example of polyallelia that occurs in different locus of homologous chromosomes.
v. Multiple alleles are capable of causing structural changes in genes so that more than one pair of alleles can occur for a given gene.
Based on what João Silva learned about this content, he considered the statements contained in the alternative to be correct:
a) I, II and III.
b) I, II and IV.
c) I, III and IV.
d) I, III and V.
e) I, II and V.
5) (UFRGS) Rabbits can have four types of fur: chinchilla, himalayan, aguti and albino, resulting from combinations of four different alleles of the same locus. In one experiment, animals with different phenotypes were crossed several times. The results, expressed in number of descendants, are shown in the table below.
If the aguti parent animal from cross 1 is used to obtain offspring with the chinchilla parent from cross 4, what proportion of offspring can we predict?
a) 1 aguti: 1 chinchilla
b) 1 aguti: 1 himalaya
c) 9 aguti: 3 himalayan: 3 chinchilla: 1 albino
d) 2 aguti: 1 chinchilla: 1 himalayan
e) 3 aguti: 1 chinchilla
6) In the human species, a classic example of polyallelia is the ABO system. This system has four phenotypes (blood A, blood B, blood AB and blood O) and:
a) three different genotypes.
b) four different genotypes.
c) five different genotypes.
d) six different genotypes.
e) seven different genotypes.
7) When a trait is determined by three or more alleles of a gene, we say that it is a case of:
a) epistasis.
b) dominance.
c) recessiveness.
d) pleiotropy.
e) polyallelia.
8) We can say that polyallelia is a phenomenon in which the presence of more than two alleles for the same characteristic is observed. The emergence of these new alleles occurs because:
a) sexual reproduction.
b) the mutation.
c) of genetic diseases.
d) medication use.
e) use of genetic recombination techniques.
9) The ABO system is a classic example of polyallelia, as three different alleles determine four different blood types. A person with blood type A should have which genotype knowing that his father was type O?
thereB
b) IA
c) IAIB.
d) IAIA.
e) ii.
10) Knowing that the coat of rabbits is a case of polyallelia, mark the alternative that correctly indicates the probability that an albino rabbit will mate with a heterozygous Himalayan wild rabbit and have a pup chinchilla.
a) 0%.
b) 25%
c) 50%.
d) 75%.
e) 100%.
1 and
2 — d
3 — the
4 — d
5 — d
6 — d
7 — and
8 — b
9 — b
10 — the
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