A Evolution is the process of changing the characteristics of living beings through generations, that is, Evolution explains the changes that populations pass over time.
We prepared a list of exercises on Evolution so that you can test your knowledge about the development of species.
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1) (UFC) “The environment affects the form and organization of animals, that is, when the environment becomes very different, it produces over time time corresponding modifications in the form and organization of the animals… The snakes adopted the habit of crawling on the ground and hiding in the gram; in such a way that their bodies, as the result of repeated efforts to lengthen themselves, acquired considerable length…”.
The quoted passage was transcribed from the work
Zoological Philosophy, by a famous evolutionary scientist. Mark the alternative that contains, respectively, the idea conveyed by the text and the name of its author.a) Natural selection – Charles Darwin.
b) Inheritance of acquired characters – Jean Lamarck.
c) Law of transformism – Jean Lamarck.
d) Artificial selection – Charles Darwin.
e) Inheritance of dominant characteristics – Alfred Wallace.
2) (UNIFESP) Read the following excerpts, extracted from a text about human skin color.
“The skin of people who have inhabited certain areas for millennia has adapted to allow for the production of vitamin D.”
“As human beings began to move around the Old World around 100,000 years ago, their skin adapted to the environmental conditions of different regions. The skin color of native populations in Africa had the longest time to adapt because the first humans emerged there.” Scientific American Brazil, vol.6, November 2002.
In these two excerpts, there are underlying ideas:
a) of the Synthetic Theory of Evolution.
b) Darwinists.
c) neo-Darwinists.
d) Lamarckists.
e) about speciation.
3) (UFTM) A high school student, when reading about the human integument, made the following statement to his teacher: “the modern man does not have as much hair as his ancestors, as he has stopped using these attachments as insulation thermal. This was only possible because man acquired an intelligence that allowed him to make clothes, protecting him from the cold.” Faced with this information given by the student, the teacher explained that:
a) did not occur and the information is in accordance with Lamarck's evolutionary theory, which assumes that structures of the body that are not requested disappear and these acquired characteristics are transmitted to the descendants.
b) did not occur and the information is in accordance with Lamarck's evolutionary theory, which assumes that there is variation between individuals, and those with adaptive traits manage to survive and leave descendants.
c) did not occur and the information is in accordance with Stephen Jay Gould's evolutionary theory, which assumes that living beings do not change by environmental interference, but by genetic alterations intrinsic.
d) it actually occurred and the information is in accordance with Darwin's evolutionary theory, which assumes that living beings with favorable adaptive characteristics have greater chances of living.
e) it actually occurred and the information is in accordance with Darwin's evolutionary theory, which assumes that living beings, by necessity, change over time.
4) (MACKENZIE) The modern theory of evolution, or synthetic theory of evolution, incorporates the following concepts to the original theory proposed by Darwin:
a) mutation and natural selection.
b) mutation and adaptation.
c) mutation and gene recombination.
d) genetic recombination and natural selection.
e) adaptation and natural selection.
5) (UFES) Researchers Robert Simmons and Lue Scheepers questioned the traditional view of how the giraffe developed its long neck. Observations made in Africa have shown that giraffes reaching heights of 4 to 5 meters generally feed on leaves 3 meters above the ground. The long neck is used as a weapon in hand-to-hand combat by males in competition for females. Females also prefer to mate with males with large necks. These researchers argue that the giraffe's neck grew large due to sexual selection; males with longer necks left more offspring than males with shorter necks. Simmons and Scheepers, 1996. American Naturalist Vol. 148: pp. 771-786. Adapted.
Regarding the traditional view of how the giraffe develops a long neck, it is correct to state that:
a) in the traditional view based on Darwin, the giraffe acquires a long neck by the law of use and disuse. Giraffes that stretch their necks generate offspring that are born with longer necks and, cumulatively, through generations, the neck, on average, increases in size.
b) in the traditional view based on Lamarck, the giraffe acquires a long neck with the differential survival of giraffes. Those with a long neck manage to feed on leaves inaccessible to others and therefore leave more descendants.
c) in the traditional view based on Lamarck, the giraffe acquires a long neck by the law of use and disuse. Those with long necks manage to feed on leaves inaccessible to others, and therefore leave more descendants.
d) in the traditional view based on Darwin, the giraffe acquires a long neck with the differential survival of giraffes. Those with long necks manage to feed on leaves inaccessible to others, and therefore leave more descendants.
e) in the traditional view based on Darwin, the giraffe acquires a long neck with the differential survival of giraffes. Giraffes that stretch their necks generate offspring that are born with longer necks and, cumulatively, through generations, the neck, on average, increases in size.
6) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck was one of the first scholars to understand that the environment could somehow influence the evolution of living beings. Despite some erroneous conclusions, this researcher was very important for evolutionary biology.
Mark the alternative that indicates the two main points of the theory that became known as Lamarckism.
a) Natural selection and mutation.
b) Law of use and disuse and natural selection.
c) Law of use and disuse and law of necessity.
d) Law of inheritance of acquired characters and law of use and disuse.
e) Natural selection and the law of inheritance of acquired characters.
7) What characteristics are present in individuals of a species so that we can say that they are more adapted compared to other individuals of the same species?
a) They are larger and solitary.
b) They eat more and have vibrant colors.
c) They live longer and reproduce more.
d) Have more limbs like legs or paws.
e) They are stronger.
8) “The habit of putting rings around the neck, on the part of women from some Asian tribes, promotes the growth of this structure, representing in these communities a sign of beauty. In this way, the children of these women would already be born with a larger neck, since this is a secular tradition.”
The statement above can be considered a defender of which evolutionary theory?
a) Lamarck's theory.
b) Theory of Malthus.
c) Wallace's theory.
d) Darwin's theory.
e) Mendel's theory.
9) We know that natural selection is an important point of the theory created by Charles Darwin. Mark the incorrect alternative regarding the idea of natural selection.
a) According to the theory of natural selection, the fittest survive.
b) According to Darwin, organisms are constantly fighting for survival and only the fittest survive.
c) The most fit beings have a greater chance of reproducing and leaving descendants.
d) Superbugs are a classic example of natural selection.
10) Considering different evolutionary hypotheses, analyze the statements below and the respective justifications.
A – The Polar Bear is WHITE because it lives in the SNOW!
B – The Polar Bear lives in the SNOW because he is WHITE!
Statements A and B can be attributed, respectively, to:
a) Lamarck and Darwin.
b) Pasteur and Lamarck.
c) Pasteur and Darwin.
d) Darwin and Wallace.
e) Wallace and Darwin.
1 – c
2 – d
3 – the
4 – c
5 – d
6 – d
7 – c
8 – the
9 – the
10 – the
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