Exercises on vector and etiological agent

To know and prevent a infectious disease It is important to know how it is transmitted. For this, it is important to know the vector, which transmits the disease between individuals, and the etiological agent, which causes the symptoms of the disease.

We prepared a list of exercises about vector and etiologic agent so you can test your knowledge of disease transmission.

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Exercises on vector and etiological agent

1) (ENEM) Malaria is a disease typical of tropical regions. According to data from the Ministry of Health, at the end of the 20th century, more than 600,000 cases of malaria were registered in Brazil, 99% of which in the Amazon region. The high rates of malaria in this region can be explained by several reasons, including:

a) the genetic characteristics of the local populations facilitate the transmission and make the treatment of the disease difficult.

b) the lack of basic sanitation favors the development of the mosquito that transmits malaria in untreated sewage.
c) the lack of predators capable of eliminating the causative agent and the transmitter in their foci prevents disease control.
d) the high temperature and high levels of rain in the equatorial forest favor the proliferation of the transmitting mosquito.
e) Brazil is the only country in the world that has not implemented concrete measures to interrupt its transmission in urban centers.

2) (MACKENZIE) Check the alternative that does not show correspondence between the disease, the causative agent and the transmitting agent.

a) yellow fever, virus and aedes aegypti.
b) dengue, virus and aedes aegypti.
c) malaria, protozoan and anopheles.
d) elephantiasis, protozoan and Culex.
e) Chagas disease, protozoa and triatoma.

3) (UFMS) The text below is adapted from the newspaper O Estado de São Paulo, October 16, 2000. “(…) Even without traveling to a region where there is malaria, a passenger contracted the disease. Upon returning from Lebanon, his flight stopped in Ivory Coast – a risk location for the disease. The passenger did not even leave the plane (…) The airline is investigating the possibility that the passenger was contaminated inside the plane”.

The passenger really could have been contaminated inside the plane:

a) if you drank canned soda directly from a container contaminated with rat urine.
b) if the meals served during the flight were spoiled.
c) if the etiological agent of malaria was spread by the air conditioning system of the plane and inhaled by the passenger.
d) by the speech, cough or sneeze of another passenger with the disease.
e) if a contaminated mosquito entered the aircraft and bit the passenger.

4) All of the diseases below require vectors, except:

the flu.
b) Chagas disease.
c) yellow fever.
d) Dengue.
i) leishmaniasis.

5) (UFF) A certain parasite that causes a human disease lodges itself in the stomach and then in the salivary gland of the transmitting host. Next, in the cycle of transmission of the disease to humans, the parasite invades the bloodstream, then the liver, where it multiplies, reaching the bloodstream again. The parasite, the transmitting host and the disease described are, respectively:

The) Trypanosoma gambiensis / Glossina palpalis / Sleeping Sickness.
B) trypanosoma cruzi / Triatoma infestans / Chagas disease.
w) Leishmania brasiliensis / Phlebotomus intermedius / Leishmaniasis.
d) Plasmodium vivax / anopheles / Malaria.
It is) Wuchereria bancrofti / Culex fatigues / Filariasis.

6) (UNICAMP) Campinas experienced the biggest dengue epidemic in its history in the summer of this year and a similar situation was observed in other Brazilian cities. Indicate the vector of this virus, where it reproduces and the temperature situation that influences its reproduction:

a) the vector of the dengue virus is the aedes aegypti. Its immature stages develop in the soil and there is a decrease in reproduction at temperatures below 17°C.
b) the vector of the dengue virus is the Culex quiquefasciatus. Its immature stages develop in dirty water and there is an increase in reproduction at temperatures below 17°C.
c) the vector of the dengue virus is the aedes aegypti. Its immature stages develop in clean water and there is a decrease in reproduction at temperatures below 17°C.
d) the vector of the dengue virus is the Culex quiquefasciatus. Its reproduction takes place in the soil and increases at temperatures below 17 ° C.

7) Vectors are essential for the transmission of some diseases. Dengue, for example, needs a mosquito to be transmitted. Some vectors serve as a means of transport for the causative agent, and others also act as a place of multiplication of the etiological agent. These last types are called:

a) biological vectors.
b) reproductive vectors.
c) etiological vectors.
d) mechanical vectors.
e) autonomous vectors.

8) (ENEM) A new concern affects professionals working in AIDS prevention in Brazil. There has been a growing increase, especially among young people, of new cases of AIDS, even questioning whether or not prevention has been relaxed. This theme has been addressed by the media:

“Medicines are no longer effective in 20% of those infected with the HIV virus. Analyzes reveal that one-fifth of newly infected people had not received any treatment and yet did not respond to the two main anti-AIDS drugs. Of the patients studied, 50% had the FB virus, a combination of the two most prevalent subtypes in the country, F and B”. _{Adapted from Jornal do Brasil, 10/02/2001.}

Given the above statements, considering the focus on prevention, and due to the increase in cases of the disease in adolescents, it is stated that:

I – The initial success of anti-HIV cocktails may have led the population to be careless and not to use protective measures, as the idea was created that these drugs always work.
II – The various types of viruses are so resistant that there is no effective treatment or even any adequate prevention measure.
III – Viruses are increasingly resistant and, to prevent their spread, those infected must also use condoms and not just administer cocktails.

It is correct what is stated in:

a) I, only.
b) II, only.
c) I and III, only.
d) II and III, only.
e) I, II and III.

9) Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by the bite of a mosquito, which needs stagnant water for reproduction. Dengue presents as a vector:

a) an arbovirus.
b) the mosquito aedes aegypti.
c) four types of viruses.
d) the mosquito aedes aegypti and the arbovirus virus.

10) (UFTM) Herpes zoster is an infection caused by the same type of etiologic agent as chickenpox (varicella zoster), which can remain latent or inactive in the spinal column and be reactivated after the age of 50, if there is a significant drop in immunity, during chemotherapy treatments, debilitating illnesses or periods of stress intense. These are diseases caused by the same group as the etiological agent of herpes zoster and chickenpox:

a) common cold, mumps and botulism.
b) herpes, polio and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
c) meningitis, pneumonia and tetanus.
d) Dengue, AIDS and yellow fever.
e) rubella, measles and cholera.

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See too:

• List of exercises on vacuoles
• List of exercises on active and passive transport
• List of exercises about viruses and their characteristics