Thirty days to Enem 2018! Yes, time flew by and the students started to feel butterflies in their stomachs, which is understandable in this final stretch! With a month to go before the test, it is interesting for the candidate to take a look at what was on the agenda during the year (and longer) and which may also be the subject of the November tests.
It is estimated that the tests ended in May and June and, until then, a lot of “water ran under the bridge”. That's why we brought a compilation with current affairs that can be charged in Enem 2018 or they can reinforce their repertoire at the time of the test. Ready for the retrospective in the middle of October? So let's go!
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crisis in Venezuela
The avalanche of news about Venezuelan refugees in Roraima was more intense in the second half of this year. However, the crisis in the country of Nicolás Maduro has persisted since 2013. The crisis was caused by a combination of the drop in the price of a barrel of oil, the breakdown of the political system and economic isolation by the US.
Crisis in Argentina
A crisis in Argentina, in fact, it is a situation that extends since the end of the 90s. Recently, it has been aggravated by accusations of corruption, emptying of public coffers, unemployment, skyrocketing inflation rates and influence on the export and import of products.
A historic agreement with the International Monetary Fund, the IMF, raised a loan of USD 7.1 billion, an amount never before lent to a nation. The intention of the Macri government is that the amount raised solves part of the country's financial problems.
fake news
the favorite word of donald trump has been strongly mentioned, especially in the Brazilian electoral period. Fake news is a problem because it seriously interferes in areas such as health, politics, economy, security and education. There are those who claim that sharing untruths elected Donald Trump.
In Brazil, Movimento Brasil Livre (MBL) was accused of spreading false content and, as retaliation, had to delete part of its pages on social networks. And the thing doesn't stop there! Misinformation spread through WhatsApp about vaccination against measles and other diseases prevented people from getting immunized.
crisis in koreas
Kim Jong Un, Donald Trump, threat of nuclear attacks… these subjects were also on the agenda in the main international news. The rapprochement of the two Koreas, separated for ideological reasons, was brokered by the US president.
However, the exchange of barbs between Western and North Korean leaders has the world fearful of a nuclear attack. That's because both countries claim to have weapons that could destroy humanity! Fortunately, the two Koreas signed the Declaration of Peace by the end of 2018 and pledged to end their arsenal.
Incidentally, Kim Jong Un's own dictatorial regime, its nuclear tests and the separation of families in the two portions are likely themes in the test.
Eradicated disease epidemics
Economic crisis, precariousness, measles outbreaks in Roraima and the spread of fake news were key factors for diseases that had been eradicated to return. In addition to measles, diphtheria, polio and rubella scared Brazilians in the 21st century! The situation worsened with information spread on social networks about vaccines.
Immigration and refugee crisis
The image of boats full of people wandering on the high seas off the European coast became frequent in international news. Fleeing from hunger, wars and terrorism, a horde of immigrants from Africa and Eastern European countries has become a political, economic and social problem in the most developed countries of Europe.
The issue was made more evident by two factors. The first is the Syria issue, with immigrants terrified by the war that has been going on for years. The second was the World Cup, which France emerged victorious thanks to the performance of players descended from immigrants. Most were born in Africa and descend from Africans.
Minorities and Human Rights
There, a frequent subject in the Enem tests and which, let's face it, is very current. It is important that the candidate is aware of issues involving refugees, LGBTi, Indians, blacks, children, the elderly and women.
Trump government
The controversial figure of Donald Trump is a subject in the news and social networks where, even, the American president loves to manifest himself! The construction of the wall on the border with Mexico and the application of the Law of the 50s that provided for the separation of children and undocumented immigrants built its unpopularity in the world.
In addition, Trump lives involved in complicated situations in foreign policy due to his statements. He withdrew the US from the Pacific Treaty, announced the country's withdrawal from Unesco in 2020, offended European leaders, in addition to constantly finding himself in complicated discussions with the US press.
Environmental issues
water crisis, global warming, greenhouse effect, involvement of developed countries in environmental issues, deforestation, among other issues related to the environment are always present in the Enem tests.
truckers' strike
Truckers showed their strength by stopping the country in May of this year. The dependence on freight transport was evident in the lack of fuel at gas stations, poor supplies in supermarkets, flight cancellations, among other consequences of the stoppage.
Elections 2018
Rest assured that the elections won't just be a topic on the Facebook newsfeed! Discussions on left, right, controversial candidates, elected proposals, voter demonstrations and attacks against politicians will probably be charged in your test!
Other points that can be mentioned: the proposal to print the vote after insertion in the electronic ballot box, the attack on candidate Jair Bolsonaro, representation of 130 indigenous candidates (the largest in history), Lula’s bid for the presidency and his replacement by Haddad.
National Museum fire
The more than 20 million pieces that represent 200 years of History turned to ashes with the gigantic fire that hit the National Museum in Rio de Janeiro. The institution linked to UFRJ served as a residence for the Portuguese royal family and was the target of criticism due to failures in its maintenance.
In addition to historical symbols, such as Egyptian mummies, the Luzia skull and ancient fossils, scientific works and documents kept in research rooms and postgraduate courses were lost.
Murder of Marielle Franco
Rio de Janeiro councilwoman Marielle Franco and her driver Anderson Gomes were killed in March of this year in an ambush. The fact took hundreds of people to the streets to protest against the death of Marielle, who was a symbol in the fight for gender equality and the defense of women.
Seven months after the crime, which is clearly linked to political issues, the culprits have still not been found, even after the arrest of suspects involved.
squid prison
Convicted in 2017 for corruption in Operation Lava Jato, the former president Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva he was arrested in April of this year and, since then, he has been serving a sentence at a Federal Police unit in the city of Curitiba. Among the accusations, the receipt of a triplex as a bribe in Petrobrás contracts.
Urban mobility issues
Urban mobility never goes out of style due to constant transport problems. The situation persists because population growth is not accompanied by improvements in public transport systems.
Labor Reform
The Labor Reform came into effect in November last year and, among the changes in labor relations, are the division of vacations into three periods, extended to 12 hours, medium and light unhealthy work permits for pregnant and lactating women, in addition to disregarding travel time to the work.
Development of Operation Lava Jato
The biggest corruption scandal identified in Brazilian history was discovered in 2014. But, investigations continue until today and, each step, discovers more names. Among those involved, contractors, politicians and Petrobras in the scheme that combined prices of works as if they were real.
Operation Weak Flesh
In yet another operation undertaken by the police authorities, the Carne Fraca Operation discovered the involved in large companies in money laundering, adulterated products and report fraud technical. The investigations revealed that the meat consumed in Brazil and sent for export was unfit for consumption.
This year, the Federal Police identified fraud schemes involving the Ministry of Agriculture, in addition to allowances sent to federal deputies who participated in the scheme.
Brazilian economic crisis
Unemployment, bankruptcy, increased defaults... all the result of the economic crisis that began in 2008, which, until then, could not be controlled. The imbalance in public accounts is aggravated by the climate of distrust among investors in Brazil, due to the fall in credibility due to corruption scandals.
As attempts to control the crisis, privatization of state-owned companies was suggested, including Eletrobrás, Casa da Moeda and Congonhas airport. The high rate of rejection of President Michel Temer illustrates the discontent of Brazilians.
Intolerance
Homophobia, xenophobia, racial and religious intolerance are among the issues that are always addressed, which should not change this year. Discrimination can be charged in tests or as an essay topic.
Crisis in the prison system
The year 2017 ended with the security crisis in Natal while 2018 literally started with a rebellion in a Goiás penitentiary. In April, 22 people died in an escape attempt in Pará. In May, a fire broke out in a detention center for minors, again in Goiás, killing ten young people.
The facts denounce the tragedy announced in the Brazilian prison system that brings prison overcrowding, structural precariousness, deficient labor and judicial inertia itself.
Political reform
Political reform is on the agenda, which foresees, among other items, the end of coalitions, changes in the electoral system, campaign financing, adoption of the district vote, creation of an electoral fund, alterations in the transmission of electoral schedules, adoption of the optional vote and change to the Parliamentarism.
bullying and suicide
Bullying affects one in ten children in Brazil, according to the 2015 International Student Assessment Program (Pisa). Acts of physical and psychological violence committed by colleagues was evidenced after armed attacks occurred in schools in Goiás and, more recently, Paraná.
One of the most serious consequences of the problem is that it represents the main cause of suicide among children and adolescents. The attack on one's own life even became an agenda due to cases related to virtual games, such as the Blue Whale Game and the Momo Boneca.
violence against women
The Atlas of Violence published this year shows that 50% of crimes of a sexual nature were committed against girls under the age of 18. In 2015, 45,460 people were victims of rape, mostly children and adolescents. Femicide reaches alarming rates, with frequent reports of women killed by their partners.
Recently, the lawyer Tatiane Spitzner was killed by her husband inside the house and her aggressions were recorded by the building's security cameras. The civil servant for the judiciary, Giselle Evangelista, was found dead in her room, the victim of her boyfriend, later arrested.
Quota system
The University of São Paulo (USP) adopted the quota system in 2018, which is already applied by several Brazilian educational institutions. This is a topic often addressed in Enem tests.
War in Syria
Started in 2011, the War in Syria emerges as one of the greatest tragedies in human history. The kick came in the context of the Arab Spring when there were attempts to overthrow non-democratic governments. State forces are fighting the rebels and the climate of instability was the perfect terrain for the Islamic State to act.
Syria has a strong ally, Russia. But in 2017, Syria was attacked by the United States leaving 15 dead by missile launches. In 2018 alone, an estimated 30,000 people left the country. The death toll, however, is infinitely greater and the bombings increased with Russian intensification.
Brexit
Okay, Brexit happened in 2016, but its consequences are not over yet. The Brexit negotiation is scheduled for completion in 2019 and, until then, treaties made with the United Kingdom must be negotiated. Immigrants have been expelled from the country since its exit from the European Union, in addition to political disagreements in the country itself.
Prime Minister Theresa May faces rejection from her party over the way the process is handled. A new referendum was proposed, but rejected by May. On the other hand, the plan to leave the European Union was presented by Theresa in May, being rejected.
terrorist attacks
The year 2018 saw a series of terrorist attacks carried out in different parts of the world. In January, a car bomb exploded at the headquarters of the NGO “Save the Children”, in Afghanistan, leaving six people dead and 22 injured. In the same country, a suicide bomber affiliated with the Islamic State detonated explosives at a festival in Kabul.
33 people were killed and 58 were injured. France has experienced two attacks. In the first, a terrorist armed with a knife killed one person and injured four in May. Then another terrorist stormed a supermarket in the south of the country with a truck, killing four hostages and injuring 15.
In Indonesia, police stations and Christian churches were targeted in May. Apparently, the participants were affiliated with the Islamic State.
100 years of Nelson Mandela
Nelson Mandela, South African leader who became a symbol of the fight for racial equality, was born on July 18, 1918. Winner of a Nobel Peace Prize and elected president of South Africa, he passed away in 2014 at the age of 95. The UN established that his date of birth as the International Day of Nelson Mandela.
Natural disasters (hurricane Florence, typhoons in Asia)
Natural disasters played their part when it comes to the landmark events of 2018. Between August and September, Hurricane Florence caused the death of 44 people in the United States, in addition to causing considerable damage. In the same month, Super Typhoon Mangkhut killed at least 74 people in the Philippines.
World Cup 2018
Headquartered in Russia, the World Cup had games played between June 14 and July 15, with a wolf as its mascot. The “Zabivaka” represented concern for the environment. This year's edition had France as champion and Brazil was eliminated in the quarterfinals.
#metoo movement
Hollywood has been taken aback by the avalanche of sexual assault cases committed by actors and directors. In addition to the allegations against actor Kevin Spacey, director Harvey Weinstein also received accusations from actresses and women who worked with the professional over the years.
The hashtag #metoo was used by actress Alyssa Milano who, on Twitter, called on women victims of harassment to respond to her message using the symbol. However, the Me Too movement was created in 2006 by black American activist Tarana Burke. The aim was to support black women victims of sexual violence.
Rescue of Thai children
In June of this year, the world stopped to watch the dramatic rescue of twelve children and their soccer coach trapped in a cave in Thailand. The group was taken by surprise during a drive through a flash flood. Countries such as Japan, Australia, Laos, Israel, Russia and the United States sent human and material aid.
The risky operation involved diving to great depths and underground passages. After more than ten days, all were removed alive. However, one of the divers, Sergeant Saman Kuhan, died while returning from the mission to replenish the oxygen tanks.
collapse of buildings
Miami, Chijara and Genoa. What do these cities located at such distant points – the United States, Colombia and Italy – have in common? Tragedies involving the collapse of bridges and footbridges. The first case took place in the Colombian city when six workers died on a bridge in January.
In March, a newly opened pedestrian bridge collapsed in Miami, killing nine people. Finally, in August, the Morandi bridge, a construction that connected two Genoese neighborhoods, collapsed, killing 43 people. The occurrences led to discussions about the safety of constructions, risks of poor maintenance and the type of material used.
Homophobia
India recently decriminalized homosexuality, but more than 70 countries still condemn gays and lesbians as criminals. In eight of them, homosexuals are punishable by death. Meanwhile, Brazil occupies the sad position of the nation that most kills transsexuals and transvestites in the world.
In the first four months of 2018 alone, 53 were murdered, 18% more than the same period last year. Homophobia is conceptualized as revulsion or aversion to homosexuals. Prejudice and hatred prevent gays from exercising their citizenship and, even more, from living safely.
Islamic State Movements
Terrorist attacks marked the year 2018 and much of it was claimed by the Islamic State, a fundamentalist organization that practices strict interpretation of the Koran, the Muslim holy book. The theme can be covered in the Enem involving the motivations of the EI, its main characteristics, the refugee crisis and the participation of young people from all over the world.
Indigenous issue in the Amazon
The indigenous issue in the Amazon directly involves the so-called “ruralist caucus”, formed by the Agricultural Parliamentary Front. The group is made up of 200 federal deputies who represent the interests of large landowners. His interests relate to policies that favor agribusiness.
In this, they influence environmental legislation, agrarian reform policy, work in the field and, above all, indigenous lands. The demarcation of lands destined to indigenous nations would represent an obstacle to the advancement of agribusiness and, since 2016, there are no signed decrees for the ratification of these demarcations.
Racism and Charlottesville
In the second half of last year, white supremacist groups held a march in the city of Charlottesville, in the US state of Virginia. Protesters were protesting the removal of the statue of General Robert E. Lee, who advocated slavery in the United States, from a state park.
The movement reignited debates about racism in the United States and around the world. Therefore, it is important to deepen your knowledge about Civil Rights, who was Martin Luther King, statements by political leaders, in addition to the racist attacks promoted in Brazil, which are not few.
Brazilian social security system
One of the controversial points raised by the National Congress was the Social Security Reform, an attempt to “soften” the economic crisis. In the understanding of parliamentarians, social security spending generates high costs for the public machine. Important analysts modified items, such as contribution time for retirement.
Disarmament Statute
The Disarmament Statute may come to the fore precisely because of the elections, from candidates who are in favor of permitting the carrying of weapons. The law was sanctioned in 2003 by then President Lula and deals with the registration, possession and sale of weapons and ammunition. The issue involves personal ideologies, economic factors and violence itself.
internet privacy
The discussions promoted in the last two years have rekindled the issue of privacy on the Internet. In addition to leaked photos involving celebrities, the constant attempts to block WhatsApp by part of the Brazilian justice system highlight digital rights and the Civil Rights Framework Internet.
Separatist movements in Catalonia
The referendum for the separation of Catalonia and Spain was held last year, but still generates discussions, demonstrations and political debates. In early October, police and separatists clashed on the anniversary of the referendum. The Day of Catalonia took, in the month of September, 440,000 to the streets asking for Independence.
China
China should not be left out of its Enem test. Its economic growth identified in recent years, its cultural complexity and the recent quarrels with the US government can be charged in the writing or in the questions themselves.
