Mosquitoes and other insects that are resistant to commercial insecticides have been found in Cambodia and Vietnam. A team of researchers from various institutions from Japan were at the forefront of this search, which was held by experts from Cambodia, Vietnam, Taiwan, Singapore, Ghana and Indonesia. The article was published in Science Advances.
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Some insects, such as the mosquito, can be major carriers of disease and infection. We are talking about diseases such as yellow fever, dengue and its variants, malaria and others. With this resistance to marketed insecticides in mind, researchers have developed chemical products that can kill or scare off these insects. The chemical process is known as pyrethroids. The biggest goal is to reach the animal's central nervous system.
During the research, the specialists found, in evolution, mosquitoes that are becoming more and more resistant in Vietnam and Cambodia. They are becoming more and more like pyrethroids.
For the work, scholars collected several types from Ghana, Vietnam, Indonesia and Taiwan. The research involved spraying the chemical agent on each of these mosquitoes. About 20% of those found in Vietnam died; a relatively low percentage.
Those that resisted the insecticide, as analyzed, are part of the mutation in the L982W gene, which had already been associated with this resistance in mosquitoes. Samples of the insects from Cambodia and Singapore were also collected so that the genes could be studied specifically. In the new experiment, they looked exactly at the L982W gene and found mutations identical to those seen in mosquitoes in Vietnam.
Most of the new phase were found in Cambodia.
They found that the L982W mutation and some others can be up to a thousand times more resistant to the pyrethroid, a relatively high amount for a mosquito. Smaller amounts would not be enough to kill them.
It was estimated that 78% of mosquitoes collected in Vietnam and Cambodia became resistant to the pyrethroid chemical process. The resistant ones showed, on average, between 50 and 100% resistance. The research will possibly reach other countries so that the reaction of other mosquitoes can also be tested.
Only then will they be able to understand how serious the problem is and what its origins are.
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