The vast Sahara sands, the world's most extensive hot desert, cover an impressive area of approximately 9.2 million square kilometers, stretching across several countries of North Africa.
This desert is full of fascinating landscapes, including intricate rock formations and vegetation adapted to extreme conditions, such as fenugreek and tamarisk.
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In addition to its visual beauty, the Sahara has played a crucial role in the region's history and culture, serving as an ancient trade route that connected civilizations and promoted cultural exchange, such as the Rota do Salt.
Beneath the sands, we found an intriguing geological archive mainly composed of sandstone, which records the cyclical transformations of the Sahara every approximately 21,000 years, going from arid desert to a lush forest, due to the oscillatory movement of the Earth's axis, which affects the patterns of monsoons.
Furthermore, the Sahara is home to the world's largest aquifer system. water The world's fossil record, the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System, which stores water preserved for millennia, although it is being rapidly depleted due to overexploitation.
A 2010 discovery revealed a prehistoric megalake, situated west of the Nilo river. With an area of more than 108,800 square kilometers. This ancient body of water overflowed its banks around 250,000 years ago.
As a result, the eastern Sahara was flooded. This megalake may have been vital to Paleolithic human communities, supporting settlements and influencing migration patterns across North Africa.
These discoveries go beyond geological curiosity, providing fundamental insights into the history Earth's climate, the evolution of humanity and the future of water resources in the region.
As we face the challenges of climate change and resource scarcity, the Sahara warns us of the dangers and inspires us with the possibilities that can be unlocked.
The Sahara is like an intricate tapestry, woven with threads of geology, history and human endeavor, where each Unveiled layer reveals new patterns and stories, enriching our understanding of this landscape mysterious.
So the next time you find yourself marveling at the rolling dunes of the Sahara, remember that there is a whole world waiting to be discovered beneath your feet.
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