67 years ago, physicist David Pines researched the existence of a “demon” that was produced by the mutual neutralization of electrical ripples. Now, in 2023, scientists have managed to identify this movement in superconducting metals.
The phenomenon has been known as the “Pines devil” since 1956, the year in which the physicist developed the theory about the collective oscillation of a metal that would be invisible to light.
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O "Pines devil” is a type of plasmon that can exist in metals. According to physical theory, they can be considered “as a collective mode of neutral quasiparticles, whose charge has been fully shielded by electrons in a separate band.”
Despite being an interesting study, the theory had not yet been proven in experimental research, mainly due to its inherent charge neutrality.
However, the new development of this phenomenon was published in August in
“Demons have been theoretically conjectured for a long time, but experimentalists have never studied them. In fact, we weren't even looking. But we discovered we were doing exactly the right thing and we found it. This shows the importance of just measuring things,” said Peter Abbamonte, the researcher who led the scientific study.
David Pines, physicist who created the theory. (Image: Minesh Bacrania/SFI/Quanta Magazine/Reproduction)
As the study team said, they weren't exactly looking for Pines' theory, but were led to the oscillation experiment while analyzing a superconductor known as copper ruthenate. strontium.
During research into metals, scholars noticed an unusual behavior of electrons that caused drainage ripples.
“Most major discoveries are unplanned. You’re going to look somewhere new and see what’s there,” Abbamonte commented.
(Image: Nature/Reproduction)
Thus, the first step of the analysis to identify the phenomenon was done using a technique to track the electrons and define the properties of the material.
As a result, they measured the energy as the electrons bounced and determined data about periodic waves, called “modes” in physics.
Despite some different correspondences, such superconductor modes were only explained by Pines' theory. Therefore, the researchers argue that the “Pines devil” was finally identified in a physical experiment.
Thus, the discovery opened new avenues for Physics studies, solving an issue that can improve research on electricity and superconductor technologies.
