Wind and wave action, deposition of sediments such as sand, volcanic activities and elevation of the seabed are examples of geological events that can result in the formation of an island.
Although we explain briefly, it is important to know that, in the geological timeline, nothing is fast. Therefore, such a formation process is complex and can take millions or billions of years to complete.
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The aforementioned events result in an island, a portion of land surrounded by water on all sides. In this context, such regions present different characteristics in their size.
Therefore, there can be anything from islets to large isolated land masses in the middle of oceans or lakes. They are distinctive geographic features that often stand out from the surrounding waterscape.
In addition to oceanic islands, there are areas formed in seas, lakes, lagoons, rivers and even swamps.
Some are covered in dense tropical forests, while others may be predominantly rocky and arid.
Wildlife on islands can also be unique and adapted to the specific conditions of these isolated areas.
Among so many islands in the world, three in particular stand out in terms of expansion. See below the ranking of three largest existing islands!
With its impressive 750,000 square kilometers, Borneo claims the title of the third largest island on the planet.
Located between Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia, this vast expanse of land is characterized by an equatorial forest and recognized as the oldest in the world.
Its diversity of fauna and flora is remarkable, providing a combination of crystal clear waters, mild temperatures, generally cloud-free skies and dense forests that define Borneo as an exceptional destination.
Borneos with its dense forests and sea. (Image: Lesly Derksen/Unsplash/Reproduction)
Located between countries in Asia and Oceania, New Guinea is an extensive island, covering an area of 785 thousand square kilometers, and is home to approximately 11 million inhabitants.
Most of them demonstrate a strong commitment to conservation, contributing to the preservation of the natural environment.
Furthermore, New Guinea stands out for its diverse landscape, characterized by varied relief and beautiful forests. The variety of languages spoken on the big island of New Guinea is an aspect that also draws attention.
Mountains of New Guinea. (Image: Asso Myron/Unsplash/Reproduction)
To take first place on this list, Greenland boasts an impressive area of two million square kilometers.
This territory is a possession of Denmark and, despite its vastness, it is home to a population of just over 56 thousand inhabitants.
The low population density is directly related to the fact that around 70% of the island is covered by an ice desert.
This characteristic results from its location close to one of the Earth's poles, which leads to extremely low temperatures and a remarkably arid climate.
Homes of the few residents of Greenland. (Image: Visit Greenland/Unsplash/Reproduction)
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