THE biodiversity, also called biological diversity is a set of varieties of living beings existing in the biosphere, that is, living beings in an enormous richness of species is one of the most important concepts in ecology and unfortunately it is very threatened in its existence, let's check the reasons?
Index
Biodiversity can be divided into 3 dimensions: Genetic, organic, ecological.
Genetics: The Genetic dimension is associated with the genetic variability that exists in each species, we have as an example animals of the same class, each has particularities in its genetic scope, this particularity creates specific and unique characteristics of each individual, that is, a certain type of animal population is analyzed separately, enabling the adaptation of life in the most diverse places.
Organic: This category is linked to the number of species that exist in a place, called organic diversity, it is a process counting the number of existing living beings such as (plants, animals, micro-organisms), that is, diversity of species.
Ecological: Within each ecosystem there are particularities and each living being present interacts in a unique way, depending on the habitat in which it is located and the characteristics of the place, the living being in the environment can behave in different ways and forms compared to other species that live in other habitats.
Dimensions are of great importance for the survival of the species, and not only of the species, but also of us, human beings.
On our planet there are certain places where there is a higher incidence of species called special or endemic species appearing, the hotpost (critical point) are places with greater demand for attention in terms of conservation and protection, in other words, keeping the species protected, if this greater attention is not carried out, the species will gradually disappear, causing a great loss of biodiversity. worldwide.
Endemic can be found in certain geographic regions, for example:
In the world scenario, there may be between 10 to 50 million species, but only 1.5 have a specific name 25% percent are threatened with extinction, according to the United Nations.
Tropical regions have a large number of biodiversity, such as the Amazon, coral reef, mangroves, 20% of the world's species are in Brazil, considered a megadiversity, of these 20%, 50 thousand are different plant species cataloged in Brazil, due to this fact the great importance of preserving the Amazon, many of these plants are endemic.
How good it is to talk about the great diversity of species in the Amazonian biodiversity, which unfortunately is being so threatened nowadays.
Are we going to analyze the quantity and types of species already cataloged in the Amazon?
We cannot forget the endemic ones, as mentioned earlier, in the Amazon forest there are large amounts of these special species:
Unfortunately today due to large deforestation and burning, there are several animals threatened with extinction in the Amazon. Amazon Manatee, Amazon Weasel, Capuchin Monkey, Lion Tamarin, Arara Vermelha, Maned Wolf, Black Bico Toucan, among others.
See too: North region
In addition to the Amazon, a large part of the biodiversity is also present in the Atlantic forest and the cerrado. Both have great diversity of species, and in the Atlantic forest, tropical forest, there are more than 8% of the total species in the world located in this region, is one of the most affected and threatened ecosystems in the world.
The cerrado (savannah) has an enormous wealth of biodiversity:
Great wealth in our Brazil isn't it? But unfortunately it is very threatened, let's know some factors?
Pollution is one of the biggest attacks on biodiversity, it is estimated that millions of toxics are released every year in the atmosphere and in the aquatic environment, affecting the entire planet in general such as population, living beings, forests, destroying the environment natural.
Habitat Destruction: Deforestation and burning are the main reasons why many animals feel obliged to leave their home and move around to another location, many do not have this ability to move and end up dying in their own habitat, these consequences happen by the expansion of rural areas, and mainly urban areas, such as cities, buildings, shopping centers, aiming for profit principally.
Exploitation of species: With the withdrawal of natural products from nature, through fruit from trees and other means of consumption, behind the excessively excessive use of natural resources, mainly for the production of paper, is a threat incessant
Artificial Selection: Deforestation / elimination of species to plant a single type of plant, eg soy, this plantation ends up eliminating all natural habitat of living beings, agricultural expansion becomes a major problem.
Introduction of exotic species: They are species that live in another place and are placed in a totally different environment that they are used to, that makes them invasive due to their great reproduction, they can occupy large areas and eliminate native species, generating competition for the habitat, for the environment.
The example of exotic species is the African grass, its main concentration is in the Brazilian cerrado, the main responsible for the extinction of native species in the Cerrado, all of this is caused by man, that is, it has the great capacity to destroy natural habitats, but it doesn't work hard to rebuild the habit itself. destroyed.
A worrying and alarming fact, 17 million hectares of tropical forest are deforested, with this happening, species that live in these places can become extinct and a short period of time, specifically in 30 years
For all this to be conserved and discussed, there is the biological diversity convention, the objective is to protect the conservation of natural resources (forests, rivers, lakes, coastal areas) 160 countries signed the agreement, but unfortunately, like everything that is law, they remain only on paper, many countries have not assumed the responsibility of creating a political project for new projects in the scope, let alone ensure what has already been proposed in the convention
The creation of the convention had the support of Brazil, in 1962, it hosted a conference of the united nations, rio-92, it was at this conference that the main meaning of biodiversity emerged:
“The variability of living organisms of all origins; comprising, among others, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; further comprising the diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems”.
Faced with such a diverse theme and full of biodiversity to be explored, children are of paramount importance understand all this natural wealth that we have in our Brazil and especially understand that we don't need to go far to find her.
The activity proposes that students, with the guidance of the teacher, build a model representing the types of biodiversity that are found in our Brazil. The activity can be collective, or group.
Example of a mockup:
Activity Purposeon Biodiversity: The main objective of the activity is to know, socialize and value the great wealth of biodiversity we have on our planet, especially in Brazil, showing the great relationship that human beings have with the environment, this activity, in addition to improving students' knowledge of the types of biomes Brazilians, promotes a broad awareness of conservation and care for the natural wealth that we have spread all over the place, all through the construction of the mockup.
Other articles:
Northern region of Brazil
South region
Ecological succession
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