THE second law of thermodynamics is the study of heat exchange at different temperatures of bodies with the purpose of providing thermal equilibrium.
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Entropy is directly related to Mondaylaw of thermodynamicsSo let's talk about her now.
Entropy means disorder, here it is a form. different from organizing a system.
For you to understand better, imagine three little cups and why. under these glasses, we put three yellow balls and on top, three balls. green.
When you shake the pot, the marbles mix, making their starting positions clutter up. It's hard that however. let's shake the pot again, they go back to exactly the starting position.
Therefore, the natural state is always to increase the disorder of the system.
We also recommend: volumetric dilation.
Entropy is a concept that was developed by. researcher and engineer Nicolas Sadi Carnot.
Amidst his research on thermal energy e. mechanics he identified that he could a thermal machine with full efficiency.
This law consists of the movement considered here. as matter work, turn into heat. Its only and main. foundation is in energy conservation.
And this conservation exists as a form of heat e. work. Energy conservation makes the system as a whole conserve e. at the same time, transfer energy.
This means that energy can increase, decrease and remain constant at. the same time, that is, the heat results from the sum of the work and the variation. internal power.
The foundation is the result of energy variation. that results from the heat exchanged with the external environment minus the work. accomplished.
When the heat exchanged with the environment is greater. than 0, the system will receive heat. If this heat exchanged is less than 0, o. system will lose heat.
If there is no heat exchange, ie null, the system. will not receive on or lose heat.
If the work is greater than 0, the exposed body will have its own. expanded heat. If this job is less than 0, the exposed body will have its own. reduced heat. If there is no work on the exposed body, its heat becomes. constant.
If this internal energy variation is greater than 0, there is an increase in temperature. If the variance is less than 0, decreases a. temperature. If there is no variation, the temperature is constant.
Therefore, the temperature tends to increase with heat. or work.
See the following example:
When gases heat up, machines start to work, doing their work in the plant. Gases pass energy inside. of the machines. This causes the gases to increase in volume.
And in this way, the mechanisms of the machines are activated, making the machines work. The first thermodynamic law makes the balance. thermal.
The temperature of a body or substance has its own. influence depending on your material. The temperature will depend on the duct. thermal that they feature.
Now that you understand how the first law works. of thermodynamics, let's see about the second law of thermodynamics.
The second law of thermodynamics is to do a. thermal energy transfer. This law makes the heat exchanges to equalize. the temperatures
Imagine a hot cup of coffee, almost steaming. You. you are in a hurry and you need to have this coffee now. You put in some cold milk. to warm up.
Now we have coffee with milk, the biggest coffee. temperature and the milk with lower temperature, that is, it reached equilibrium. thermal.
Heat transfers spontaneously from a larger body. to the smallest where the heat provided by the rise in temperature generates no heat. turned into work.
Remember that the second law of thermodynamics is. linked to entropy.
In his research studying Carnot thermal machines. saw that they gained more efficiency than were transferred heat from. highest to lowest temperature.
This process is irreversible.
Focusing on the smooth running of a machine, so that its temperature is not constantly rising, it needs to be on. given time, it is reduced to the initial state.
This process must be cyclical. According to second law of thermodynamics.
There are operating temperatures in the same machine. high and other low operating temperatures.
This cycle working in an opposite way tends to absorb heat. This system is used in engines, such as refrigerators.
Also check: Newton's Third Law: Action and Reaction
Rudolf Clausius, physicist and mathematician, Lord Kelvinm. physicist, mathematician and engineer and Max Planck, German physicist contributed. direct way in the creation of second law of thermodynamics.
The heat flow goes naturally from the body to the highest. temperature for the lowest temperature body. If this is reversed, it causes a forced transformation.
This depends on more energy being supplied for that. that happens.
Thermal machines that work in cycles cannot transform all thermal energy, that is, heat into mechanical energy, that is, work. It is impossible to have thermal machines with 100% efficiency. There will always be the rejected thermal energy for the cold source, that is, a body with a lower temperature. If the cold source to receive the energy did not exist, the thermal energy output of the hot source would not exist.
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