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RECOGNIZE IMPLIED AND EXPLICIT INFORMATION, TEXTUAL GENDER, SYNTACTICAL, SEMANTIC AND DISCURSIVE ROLE OF ARTICULATORS
I feel like a dinosaur. Surprised, but fascinated by this whirling world. I am going to be 60 in December. Almost everything around me was unimaginable when I was a child. The world has been reinvented before me, all these years. In my childhood, in Marília, in the interior of São Paulo, there was no television. Phone only for the elite. You had to apply and wait five, six years to install a line. Or buy it with the weight of gold, from someone who would transfer it, an unthinkable maneuver for my family on a very limited budget. Today the world is of cell phones. Recently, my device fell to the ground and broke. I went into an outbreak until I got another one, brand new, in which I put the same chip. I bet you already have a psychologist treating cell phone withdrawal crises. My family's first television, when I moved to São Paulo, at age 15, was in black and white. Time flew by. And with it, inventions crept into my life: color TV, CD, VCR, DVD and Blu-ray. When I lecture at schools, I try to explain what life was like without email and video games. Children and teenagers stare at me suspiciously. They must think I'm crazy. They are certain that there was no civilization before Google and Apple. I already thought about creating a fairy tale to explain. Something like:
– Many, many years ago, in a time when e-mail, Twitter or Facebook did not exist, there lived a beautiful princess…
I decided to become a writer when I was 12 years old, when I discovered Monteiro Lobato's books, lent by a neighbor. I dreamed of a typewriter. I still remember the afternoon, at age 13, when my father climbed the stairs of our little manor and announced the gift: a portable Olivetti, bought in installments. Dad was a railwayman, and the machine weighed on the bills. But I wanted to be a writer, what to do? Then he enrolled me in a typing course, in which I learned to tap the keyboard with all my fingers. (Typewriting courses are also gone, along with typewriters, of course.)
I thank Dad forever. Today I am the author of Rede Globo. I write the chapters of soap operas with a lot of speed. Lucky for me to be a trained typist.
I bought my first personal computer when I was just over 30 years old. National protectionism in the area of information technology was absurd. That computer seemed to be powered by firewood. But I loved it. Mainly because the war with the neighbors in the building ended, who couldn't stand the ple, ple, plec of the machine, because I always wrote at dawn. At the time, I was working as an editor at a major magazine. A colleague wrinkled his nose. I thought the computer was very weird. I showed the huge newsroom full of typewriters. I played the futurist:
– One day they will all be exchanged for computers.
- I doubt!
It didn't take five years. I watched the computerization of journalism. It was cruel, as in other areas. Many gained internships to absorb the new technology. Others don't. And they ended up being expelled from the job market. I even helped a former art director get a job as a building janitor. There is a constant need to keep up to date. There is always a new program, device, invention waiting. I am the author of books, television novels, plays, chronicles and countless articles. I won awards. But I end up defeated by any 8-year-old boy capable of, in front of a new cell phone model, unveiling programs that incinerate my neurons on the spot.
I attended a few years of history at the University of São Paulo. I try to distance myself and understand what is going on. I believe that, 100, 200 years from now, a historian will look at mine, his life and theorize that we are living in the midst of a change of era. As profound as that from the Ancient to the Middle and from the latter to the Modern and Contemporary. What is the fact that determined the passage? The invention of the iPad? Will Steve Jobs be as important as Columbus? We will be, you and I, objects of study. Even neurological.
– How have brains adapted to so many changes? Inventions are the most visible aspect of clothing, restaurants, books, travel, theories, ways of being and loving. I'm going to write about reality in continuous motion. About our time, challenging and fascinating. And tell me how my brains boil when I discover that something that didn't exist until yesterday has become absolutely essential, and I can no longer live without it. In the 1960s, hippies heralded the advent of the Age of Aquarius. So it is. Whatever the name, the New Age is here.
Executioner, Walcyr. Era. São Paulo, 3 Oct. 2011, p. 108.
Walcyr Carrasco is one of the most consecrated writers today, mainly because of the communicative and engaging language he uses. In this journalistic chronicle, he addresses a subject of great interest because it relates to our daily lives. What is the subject of the text?
A) The author comments on the technological changes that have taken place since his childhood and that continue to alter the lives of most people, including his.
B) The author tells how his dream of being a writer was born and how his parents helped him in this achievement.
C) The author questions the computerization of journalism.
D) The author says that today the world is of cell phones and criticizes parents who let small children use these devices.
What did the chronicler mean in this sentence “I feel like a dinosaur”?
A) As the author writes novels, plays, chronicles and countless articles, he finds the computer very strange.
B) As the author feels outdated, he believes he will not be able to absorb the new technology.
C) As the author is part of an older generation, he believes he will never be an up-to-date person.
D) As the author is part of an older generation, he thinks he is outdated in relation to the various novelties that dominate the technological market, even though he is an up-to-date person.
In the 1st paragraph, Walcyr tells a little about his past, comparing it to his present experience. In which sentence in this paragraph is there an ironic reference to people's dependence on cell phone use?
A) “Recently, my device fell to the ground and broke”.
B) “I bet there is already a psychologist treating cell phone withdrawal crisis”.
C) “Elite only phone”.
D) "I went into an outbreak until I got another one, brand new, in which I put the same chip."
Identify the phrase that best replaces this “That computer seemed to be powered by firewood”.
A) The author's computer was outdated.
B) The computer purchased was in fact inefficient.
C) That computer was very slow compared to current ones.
D) His computer had few resources.
Why, according to the author, computerization “was cruel” not only in journalism, but also in other areas?
A) Because typewriters were replaced by computers.
B) Because computers brought changes in newspaper offices.
C) Because technology has brought about a series of changes, especially in the labor market, changing the lives of many people quickly and radically.
D) Because many journalists gained internships to absorb the new technology.
About the word typing, we say:
l. It has a diphthong.
II. It has twelve letters.
III. It has eleven phonemes.
IV. It has a digraph.
A) Only the first two alternatives are correct.
B) None of the alternatives are correct.
C) The third alternative is incorrect.
D) Only the second alternative is correct.
In the passage “It didn't take five years”, the word in bold is a determinant of a noun.
Check the option where all underlined words have the same function.
A) “I attended a few years of history at the University of São Paulo.”
B) "I bought my first personal computer when I was just over 30."
C) “– How have brains adapted to so many changes?”
D) "I'm going to be 60 in December."
The chronicle is a short and light narrative, based on everyday facts, real or imagined. Point out the possible purpose for which this chronicle may have been written.
A) Describe beings, landscapes and concepts.
B) Expose information, transmit knowledge.
C) Report real facts and make the reader reflect on a fact.
D) Make the interlocutor take some action.
According to the cultured and formal register of the language, the accented words, respectively, for the same reasons as “portable”, “futurist”, “family”, are:
A) “visible”, “very limited”, “building”.
B) “chapter”, “childhood”, “someone”.
C) “unimaginable”, “psychologist”, “neurological”.
D) “internships”, “you”, “innumerable”.
Reread the phrase “Dad was a railroad worker, and the machine weighed on the bills”. The highlighted verb:
A) Expresses a possible, hypothetical action.
B) Indicates a natural phenomenon.
C) It is in the 3rd person of the speech, in the singular.
D) Expresses an action that is taking place at the time of speech.
1A / 2D / 3B / 4C / 5C / 6D / 7B / 8C / 9A / 10C
a) leisurely / research / ascent / grow
b) eagerness / extreme / priestess / obsession
c) manner / majesty / boa constrictor / gesture
d) analyze / Muslim / exception / splendid
e) expectation / essential / infection / puzerem
a) hurt, privilege
b) restless, mimeograph
c) bessa, distension
d) lunch, obsession
e) perversion, pretension
a) strange, pretext, weird, hesitate
b) spontaneous, success, ecstasy, extension
c) tar, chayote, arrow, beam
d) grease, pexinxa, see, mumps
a) acidity, lowness, purity, smallness
b) courteous, Maltese, pedres, haughty
c) reizinhos, Sousa, faizão, thing
d) Teresinha, goodbye, little hearts
e) you put, wanted, made, remade, redone
a) ascension, spontaneous, privilege
b) fill, swarm, frolic
c) eggplant, costume, pod
d) mussel, fourteen, unlucky
a) foolishness, consul
b) improvised, sensible
c) discourtesy, delayed
d) we proposed, we wanted
e) formalized, paralyzed
a) catechize, validate, pray
b) tint, modernize, agonize
c) judge, finalize, symbolize
d) hail, soften, frizzle
e) smooth, inspect, anarchize
a) loan shark, eggplant, hominy
b) way, pocket, bowl
c) foreigner, twitter, boa constrictor
d) reject, majesty, slang
a) muela, boiling, tobacco
b) bubbling, hurting, regurgitating
c) leather, gullet, sign
d) clog, cough, polish
a) cup - chayote - stuffed
b) excess – exception – success
c) eggplant - geito - fast
d) paralyze - poetess - lighter
e) splendid – foreign – mixed
FEEDBACK: 1-D / 2-E / 3-D / 4-A / 5-C / 6-C / 7-D / 8-B / 9-B / 10-B
He was once a curious and bored boy. He started getting scared by the chairs, tables and other household objects. He felt them, bit them and threw them on the ground: he certainly expected an answer that the objects did not give him. He discovered some more interesting objects than shoes: cups – these, when thrown on the ground, would break. It was something, at least they didn't stay the same after the action. But soon the boy (who was deeply bored) got tired of the glasses: after all it was glass and only glass.
Later he was able to move into the backyard and discovered the chickens and plants. They were already more interesting, especially the chickens, who spoke an incomprehensible language and pecked at the ground. She got to know the turkey, the guinea fowl and the peacock. But he soon got used to them all, and remained bored as usual.
He didn't think, he didn't question with words, but he was endlessly exploring reality. When he was able to go out into the street, he had new hopes: one day he escaped and covered as much space as possible, streets, squares, squares where boys played football, he saw churches, cars and a tractor that modified a ground. He got lost. He ran away again to see the tractor working. But behold, the work of the tractor became commonplace: conventional flower beds, a bandstand, etc. And the boy got tired of the street, went back to his backyard.
Boredom led the boy to games of chance, bathing in the sea and trips to the other side of the river. The margin there was the same as this one. The boy grew up and, in love as in cinema, he did not find what he was looking for. One day, passing by a stream, he saw that the waters were colored. He went down the bank, examined: they were colored!
Since then, every day he managed to see the colors of the stream. But when someone told him that the color of the waters came from a nearby laundry, he began to shout no, that the waters came from the rainbow. He was taken to the asylum. And?
(GULLAR, Ferreira. The boy and the rainbow. São Paulo: Attica, 2001. P. 5)
(A) animals in the yard. x
(B) chairs and tables.
(C) shoes and glasses.
(D) gambling.
(A) curiosity.
(B) dissatisfaction .x
(C) nature.
(D) the longing.
(A) something surprising. x
(B) interesting chickens and plants.
(C) a rainbow.
(D) bathing in the sea.
(A) pity and despair.
(B) sympathy and approval.
(C) indifference and conformity. x
(D) hope and sympathy.
(A) the boy's boredom.
(B) the boy's surprise. x
(C) the narrator's doubt.
(D) the narrator's commentary.
verbal transitivity
Transitive Verbs: Require complement (objects) to have full meaning. Can be:
They do not have a complete meaning, therefore they need a complement (object). These complements (without preposition) are called direct objects.
Ex.: Maria bought a book.
“A book” is the complement required by the verb. It is not accompanied by a preposition. “A book” is the direct object. Note that if we said, "Mary bought." the sentence would be incomplete, because whoever buys, buys something. The verb to buy is direct transitive.
They don't have a complete meaning either, so they need a complement, but this time this complement is accompanied by a preposition. They are called indirect objects.
Ex. I like movies.
“From films” is the complement required by the verb to like, and it is accompanied by a preposition (de). This add-on is called an indirect object. The verb like is indirect transitive.
Require 2 add-ons. One with a preposition, and one without.
Ex. The boy offered his colleague a book.
The verb to offer is both direct and indirect transitive. Whoever offers, offers something to someone.
Offered something = A toy (no preposition).
Offered to someone = to colleague (with preposition).
ao = combination of the preposition a with the definite article o.
Peter arrived.
Children sleep.
A plane crashed.
a) The highlighted verbs are _____________ because _______________ of
other words to complete the sense. Intransitives - No need
The avenue – Helena – sadness – the cheese – a lesson – need- don't need – transitive intransitives
A) Peter felt ____________________ sadness
b) I walked _____________________the avenue
c) The teacher explained ______________ a lesson
d) Do you love _______________________Helena
e) The mouse gnawed ______________________ the cheese
to navigate.
I've been shipwrecked,
I walk without a destination.
by the birds' flight
I want to guide myself…”
(Jorge de Lima)
The verbs highlighted in the poem are classified, in terms of predication, as:
a) indirect transitive - connecting verb
b) indirect transitive - intransitive
c) direct transitive - intransitive
d) direct transitive - connecting verb x
e) direct and indirect transitive - direct transitive
a) Carlos sold books. Direct transitive
b) Passengers were waiting for the train. Direct transitive
c) Carlos likes music. Indirect transitive
d) We offer a medal to the first place. Direct and indirect transitive
e) Lígia bought flowers. Direct transitive
f) Lígia likes flowers. Indirect transitive
(a) Direct transitional
(b) Indirect transitive
(c) Direct and indirect transitive
(c) We learned a good lesson from the donkey story.
(a) The donkey carried bags of salt.
(b) The donkey was loaded with bags of salt.
(a) He observed this.
MARK THE ALTERNATIVE WITH CORRECT USE OF:
a) cursing, shale, migraine
b) backpack, arrow, mussel
c) pipe, wick, stuffed
d) soaked, soaked, shooed away
a) even female parakeet
b) impediment, mimeograph, fighting
c) intimidation, privilege discretion
d) potty, expenditure, wild
a) pineapple, logaz, vorás, lilac
b) softness, haughtiness, smallness, complexion
c) clarity, duchess, princess, rez
d) rattle, hail, wisdom, rhizo
a) gutter, clay
b) page, monk
c) slab bowl
d) gesture, manner
a) massive, succinct
b) quite a lot
c) procession, pretentious
d) advice, possession
a) muela, boiling, tobacco
b) bubbling, hurting, regurgitating
c) leather, gullet, sign
d) clog, cough, polish
a) three, ecstatic
b) goldsmith, cut
c) bazaar, heartburn
d) induce, bring
a) michordia, ancho
b) torch, faxed
c) torch, armpit
d) xenophobia, tantrum
a) endorsement, advising, ravaging
b) laxity, palisade, massape
c) chalassa, sparse, massarico
d) riot, obsession, capsize
a) fountain, pixe pecha
b) sheikh, salsix, schiz
c) peeping, pulling, limping
d) muxoxo, spark, xango
a) loan shark, eggplant, hominy
b) way, pocket, bowl
c) foreigner, tip, boa constrictor
d) reject, majesty, slang
a) arrow, bladder, rinse
b) gossip, flicker, tantrum
c) sash, shawl, chimney
d) jerky, chachim, caximbo
a) aridity, research, catalyze
b) authoritative, scarcity, clarity
ç) cunning, hypnotizing, slipping
d) atrocious, howitzer, paralysis
a) monk bowl shopkeeper outrage
b) little angel, stiffness, angina jia
c) heretic, frege, shaman, jerimum
d) grumpy, stiff, goal, quick
01. A 02. C 03. B 04. 05. D
06. B 07. C 08. D 09. To 10. D
11. B 12. B 13. B 14. Ç
Exercises on subject and predicate
The. The boys | are on the court.
B. The swarm | entered the hive.
ç. Some families | stroll through the park.
d. Diverse children | play ball in the field.
and. The city | looks empty today.
f. The sun | looms on the horizon.
g) They | they left the gym early.
H. Us | we're going to the movies tonight.
The. They are going to visit an art exhibition.
A. Predicate = go visit an art exhibition. Verbal phrase = go visit
B. The little dog ran through the streets.
A. Predicate = ran through the streets. Verb phrase = ran away
ç. The party will be very lively.
A. Predicate = will be very lively. Verb phrase = will be
d. My cousins were traveling yesterday.
A. Predicate = went traveling yesterday. Verbal expression = went traveling
and. The doctor will talk to the patients.
A. Predicate = will talk to patients. Verbal phrase = go talk
f. The day is already dawning.
A. Predicate = it's already dawn. Verb phrase = it's dawn
The. Four people called you yesterday.
B. My paternal grandparents prepare a delicious dinner.
ç. Several teams want to participate in the championship.
d. All players on the team went to hug the coach.
and. My cousins work at this store.
f. Our band is playing tomorrow.
g. Is your computer turned off?
H. Yesterday's rain wreaked havoc in the city.
i. These baby birds cannot fly yet.
j. Those cars go to the garage tomorrow.
k. The same song played on the radio in the morning and in the afternoon.
l. A single candidate missed the debate.
The. The boys are riding their bikes.
A. simple subject
B. Marcos and I are going to the movies in the afternoon.
A. compound subject
ç. My father and uncle are talking in the living room.
A. compound subject
d. Student works are in the locker.
A. simple subject
and. The models are ready for the show.
A. simple subject
f. Actors and singers recorded commercial.
A. compound subject
g. Argentina and Brazil play tomorrow.
A. compound subject
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