THE microbiology is the study of micro-organisms, the word has Greek origin, mikros means (small) and bios and logos, (life study), the same are those that cannot be seen with the naked eye, that is, you need specific instruments such as a microscope to see them, the discovery of these microorganisms was of great importance for humanity, mainly in the cure of diseases caused by microorganisms, among them we can mention bacteria, viruses, protozoa, algae, fungi, between others.
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Microbiology emerged several, many years ago. The man in his role built the microscope lenses and from it there was the possibility of increasing of vision, that is, the eyes started to see microorganisms until then undiscovered and seen by the eye naked.
In the 13th century, a researcher named Roger Bacon insisted that people's diseases were caused by microorganisms, that is, beings. invisible to the naked eye, followed by the same theory of other researchers, such as Fracastoro of Verona, in the 15th century, and Von Plenciz, in 1762, both believed in this same theory and in the following years it became true, but unfortunately at the time there was no evidential means to confirm the study.
The first observations were made by a Dutch scientist, Antony Van Leeuwenhoek, years later he was considered the father of biology, during his studies observed that the bacteria were living protozoa, it was the same that in 1674 he managed to create a kind of microscope, analyzing hair, blood, eyes, insect wings, muscle tissue and sperm cells, but Antony did not relate the diseases to microorganisms, he just stayed at the base of the research
Only French chemist Louis Pasteur and his companion Robert Koch, in the midst of experiments, destroyed the theory of spontaneous generations, which defended the idea that living beings originated from non-living materials, that is, spontaneously originated from corpses in decomposition.
Many people at the time did not believe in this possibility, and through religious means believed that illnesses were divine punishments.
In 1876, Robert managed to link microorganisms with the disease, developed methods where bacteria were cultivated in a kind of culture, only a species of microorganism grew in this solid structure and other identical cells, Robert also created the bacterial staining method for make them more visible, he was a pioneer in the discovery of microbiology, he proved that bacteria can indeed cause serious illnesses in beings. alive
Microorganisms are very important for all humanity and are present in every medium, in every corner, let's evaluate which means are these?
PUBLIC HEALTH: Microorganisms are important factors in public health, with them deepening the various diseases that are caused by various types of viruses and bacteria, among them can be lethal or a simple cold, one of the most resistant viruses and that still arouses many doubts, it is the virus that causes the disease Ebola, and some that are at serious levels that have not yet been found to be cured, such as AIDS. The microorganism in public health does not only appear in the context of diseases, but also preventing other illnesses through medicines, such as antibiotics, antibiotics use some species of microorganisms that are important for their creation, like fungi.
Food industry: Microorganisms are also present in the food area, such as cheese, bread, pizza dough, beer so loved by millions of Brazilians, wine, yoghurt, vinegars, all these foods contain fermentation, and the fermentation of these foods is carried out by the microorganisms.
Ecology: Microorganisms are of great importance in ecology, without them there would be no ecology and their relationships are so important, the they act in the recycling of matter, decomposition of the body and soil fertilization, they are also present in cycles biogeochemicals.
In the relationships between animals: It is very important, as they guarantee their digestion and protection, in the human body there is not only harm, in our skin and body there are thousands of beneficial bacteria for our health, if one day there is a lack of them, there may be proliferation of pathogenic bacteria helping in the appearance of diseases in animals, plants and beings. humans
The types of microorganisms are varied and can cause different types of diseases, we have bacteria, viruses, protozoa, algae, fungi, among others, let's know a little about each one of them?
Fungi are part of the eukaryotic class of beings and the Fungi kingdom, they can only be seen through microscopes, we can find them in molds, yeasts, molds, in mushrooms.
The discovery of fungi enabled a great increase in the economy, many drugs were created through this microorganism, such as penicillin, the first antibiotic discovered, the substance of the remedy is produced by the fungus penicillium, and some foods that contain fungus are edible, such as the mushroom, which is widely used in cooking
Some serious diseases can be caused by fungi, among them some are very feared, such as candida auris, it affects people in a state of detention, detained people consequently stay with the system compromised immune system, unfortunately the fungus is immune to drugs and can lead to death in less than 3 months
Another species of very feared fungus is Aspergillus Fumigatus, it affects the lungs and the mortality rate is very high.
THE Histoplasma capsulatum, is the most dangerous fungus, affects various organs of the human body, can be transmitted by animals and respiratory tract.
They can cause not so serious diseases, such as ringworm, candidiasis, thrush.
Bacteria are adaptable to any type of environment, even the harshest ones, they are part of the Monera Kingdom, the kingdom monera is characterized by eukaryotic organisms, in the case of bacteria, they are unicellular, that is, they have only one cell
Bacteria can only be seen through specific materials, such as the microscope, some of them can cause some diseases that need attention, the most feared diseases are pathogenic bacteria, such as leprosy, meningitis, tuberculosis, cholera, that is, they are serious diseases that need to be treated
Bacteria are not just villains, they can bring important benefits to our daily lives, and amazingly, the human body is made up of more than 100 trillions of bacteria, that is, there is no way to live without them, they act in the proper functioning of the body, fight against infections and protect the skin from factors external.
Viruses, unlike other microscopic organisms, do not have cells or metabolism, that is, they can only perform their functions inside other living cells, they can only enter these cells because of their size, reaching 0.1µm in diameter, these viruses can also be of pathogenic species, bringing some well-known diseases, such as flu, AIDS, mumps, hepatitis, measles, all in a viral way.
The virus can occur in several different forms depending on the disease:
The protozoa together with algae have the ability to carry out photosynthesis, they are unicellular and eukaryotic beings
Protozoa have different shapes, some can be parasites causing serious diseases, such as amoebiasis, malaria, Chagas disease, among others.
Protozoa act to combat pests, that is, it is an important factor in biological control.
It is important to emphasize that the areas of microbiology are wide and diverse, within each area there may be several different types of studies, medical microbiology, they study pathogenic microorganisms, that is, those that transmit some types of different diseases, environmental microbiology, study bacteria that act in the environment and in the decomposition of organic matter, and finally, food microbiology, are those linked to the food industry, that is, microorganisms that act in this environment.
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