The conquest of the terrestrial environment was not an easy task for the plants, several adaptations were necessary so that it could be a successful change.
This could have taken millions of years!
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However, this allowed the plants to diversify and today the kingdom plantae is one of the groups with the largest number of different species.
1)(FASB) Gymnosperms and angiosperms are vascular plants that have roots, stems, and leaves. A feature common only to these two groups of plants is the presence of:
a) rhizoid, basal structure of attachment and fundamental for the colonization of terrestrial environments.
b) fruit, structure that protects the seeds and can help disperse these groups of plants.
c) seeds, which provide protection to the embryo and may be exposed or protected within fruits.
d) conducting vessels, formed by specialized cells that transport water and photoassimilates.
2) (UECE) With the aim of solving the problem of erosion on his property, a farmer bought plant seedlings recommended by a biologist. These seedlings have fasciculated roots, parallel veins and trimerous flowers, therefore, they are representatives of:
a) legumes.
b) ferns.
c) cycads.
d) grasses.
3)(UFMG) Insectivorous, or carnivorous, plants generally live in nutrient-poor soils. Based on this information and other knowledge on the subject, it is INCORRECT to state that insectivorous plants:
a) can carry out cellular respiration.
b) are considered primary producers.
c) use organic matter from their prey for photosynthesis.
d) use nutrients from prey in their metabolism.
4) (UFRN) To increase the production of fruits with softer and sweeter pulp, a farmer planted seeds from trees whose fruits had these characteristics. However, an unexpected effect that the farmer observed was the low height of the plants born from these seeds. One explanation for this phenomenon could be:
a) the inhibition of the negative geotropism of the roots.
b) increase in seed germination time.
c) the lower sensitivity of cells to the action of auxins.
d) the increase of the effect of ethylene on the sprouts.
5)(UFABC-SP) Toxic plants Some ornamental plants can cause problems if they are ingested by animals and humans. See some examples:
It can be said that all the plants mentioned in the text:
a) produce fruits and seeds.
b) carry out photosynthesis during the day and respiration at night.
c) form strobili and sori.
d) are of different species and belong to the same kingdom.
e) they have sap-conducting tissues and form long-lasting prothallus.
6)(UFPR) Currently, angiosperms dominate the terrestrial environment. For this, these plants developed, throughout the evolutionary process, characteristics that allowed them to colonize the different terrestrial biomes. Identify, in the characteristics listed below, those that were important for the development of the current reproductive process of angiosperms.
1. Reduced male gametophytic phase.
2. Presence of tracheal elements, such as vessel elements and respective perforation plates.
3. Presence of the cuticle – a coating structure -, which is a fatty substance, with a complex chemical composition.
4. The product of sexual reproduction is protected by the fruit.
5. Development of the floral structure, concomitant with the process of biotic pollination.
Tick the correct alternative.
a) Only statements 1, 2 and 4 are true.
b) Only statements 1, 3 and 5 are true.
c) Only statements 1, 4 and 5 are true.
d) Only statements 2, 3 and 4 are true.
e) Only statements 2, 3 and 5 are true.
7)(UFG) With regard to algae it can be stated that:
a) They are exclusively aquatic, and can live in fresh or salt water
b) Among the cyanophytes there are nitrogen-fixing species
c) Phaeophytes are mostly unicellular, although there are colonial and filamentous forms
d) Chlorophytes are characterized by having in their chromatophores two pigments of a protein nature, the phycobilins: phycoerythrin and phycocyanin
e) The so-called diatoms constitute a group of economic importance, as they produce large amounts of hydrocolloids.
8)(FEI - SP; modified) Mosses, maidenhair, cycas and lemon trees constitute, respectively:
a) angiosperms, gymnosperms, pteridophytes, and bryophytes
b) bryophytes, gymnosperms, pteridophytes, and angiosperms
c) bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms
d) pteridophytes, gymnosperms, bryophytes and angiosperms
e) none of the above options
9) Consider the following organisms:
i. seaweed
II. bryophytes
III. pteridophytes
IV. angiosperms
Flagellated male gametes, which require water to find female gametes, are found ONLY in:
a) I and II
b) III and IV
c) I, II and III
d) I, III and IV
e) II, III and IV
10) The great success of phanerogamic plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms) can be attributed, among others, to two important adaptations of these organisms to the terrestrial environment, which consist of:
a) Propagation by means of fruits and seeds.
b) independence from water for reproduction and propagation by means of seeds.
c) independence from water for reproduction and propagation through fruits.
d) reproduction by means of spores and propagation by means of seeds.
e) reproduction by means of gametes and by means of spores.
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