In day November 28, 1807 the coming of the Royal Family to Brazil.
D. João, the Prince Regent used Brazil as a refuge to ensure that Portugal remained independent after threats of invasion by Napoleon Bonaparte.
England, which also helped in the expulsion of Napoleonic troops, supported the kingdom of Portugal and thus ensured that everything went right in the transfer.
Index
In the year 1806 with the decree of the continental blockade of Napoleon Bonaparte, determining that the European countries closed the ports to the ships of England. And meanwhile, he secretly negotiated the Treaty of Fontainebleau (1807).
In 1806, after having failed to invade England, Napoleon Bonaparte decreed the Continental Blockade. Portugal, England's traditional ally, refused to comply. After intense diplomatic pressure, without obtaining a clear break in Portuguese-British relations, Napoleon decided to invade the territory of Portugal.
For this, in terms of logistics, the Napoleonic troops needed to advance overland into territory Spanish to Portuguese territory, as the seas were controlled by Royal Navy vessels British. Thus, on October 27, 1807, the Spanish minister Manuel de Godoy - the "Prince of Peace" - and Napoleon Bonaparte signed a treaty secret in Fontainebleau, France, by whose terms the division of conquered Portugal and its dependencies by both signatories. In addition, French troops were allowed to pass through Spanish territory in order to invade Portugal.
Before that, on October 22, 1807, Prince Regent D. João and the King of England Jorge III (1738-1820) signed a secret convention that transferred the seat of monarchy from Portugal to Brazil.
The document established that British troops would temporarily settle on the island of Madeira. The Portuguese government, in turn, committed to signing a commercial treaty with England after settling in Brazil.
Dom João, then Prince Regent, determines that the entire royal family would be transferred to Brazil. Along with the royal family were ministers, and several employees, who together amounted to more than 15 thousand people. which at the time represented approximately 2% of the Portuguese population.
| History | Date |
|---|---|
| Continental Lock | 1806 |
| Departure from Lisbon | November 30, 1807 |
| Arrival in Bahia | 22 January 1808 |
| Opening of Ports for Friendly Nations | January 21, 1808 |
| Creation of the Bahia School of Surgery | February 18, 1808 |
| Arrival in Rio de Janeiro | March 7th 1808 |
| Creation of the Royal Press | May 13, 1808 |
| Royal Academy of Marine Guards | May 5, 1808 |
| Establishment of the Real Horto (Botanical Garden) | June 13, 1808 |
| Banco do Brasil Foundation | October 12, 1808 |
| Alliance and Friendship, Trade and Navigation Treaties | February 19, 1810 |
| Institution of the Royal Library (current National Library) | October 29, 1810 |
| Royal Military Academy | December 4, 1810 |
| Chemical-Practical Laboratory | 1812 |
| São João Theater | October 13, 1813 |
| Creation of the French Mission | 1815 |
| Royal School of Arts, Sciences and Crafts | August 12, 1816 |
| Return to Portugal | April 26, 1821 |
Brazil is the largest country in South America; in fact, it occupies half of the continent of South America and is the fifth largest country in the world, both in size and population. Its official language is Portuguese.
The name Brazil came from a tree, pau-brasil or pau brasil (also called pernambuco), which was once abundant in Brazil, but is now threatened with extinction.
People have lived in Brazil for over 11,000 years. After the discovery of the New World by European explorers, Portugal claimed Brazil. The Dutch took part of Brazil in the 17th century, but ended up being expelled by the Brazilians.
After the French under Napoleon invaded Portugal in 1807, the Portuguese royal family fled to Brazil. In March 1808 they arrived in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro, where they stayed for over a decade. Even after Napoleon's defeat, Portuguese King João VI chose to keep the Portuguese government and the royal court in Brazil.
In 1808, fleeing from Napoleon, and after a short stay in Salvador, the Portuguese royal crown finally found its new home: Rio de Janeiro.
The portraits are, as these things tend to be, far more impressive than reality probably was. Rio de Janeiro, for all its natural beauty, was a shabby and unimportant capital of a backward colony. The Portuguese crown, on the other hand, was full of strange, seasick and most likely filthy characters. Colony and colonizer looked at each other with some distaste. It was Rio de Janeiro's first experience of being a living contradiction, an art that is still practiced today. It is the only colony in modern history to have swallowed its own empire.
João VI, the acting ruler of Portugal, traveled to the tropics a prince, his mad mother still holding the title of queen; in Rio he would become king, just as Brazil would become a kingdom. The country has very few heroes in its culture; figureheads are divided into jesters and cheaters. John VI is generally seen as the first, a timid and fearful glutton, pushed on a terrifying journey by the British, and who never really understood the art of politics.
John was a second son, who was not supposed to rule until his older brother died of smallpox, a fact that probably contributed to his image as an unprepared loser. The portrait does not match reality. Napoleon, with frustration, describes John as the one who deceived him; In any case, it is difficult to reconcile the image of the charismatic prince with a man who would transform Rio into a city capable of governing itself and its colonizer.
The first priority was housing. The court demanded many houses that were simply not built; while John, Maria, and Carlota had found suitable residences, they brought a demanding court with many people to the modest colony.
The solution was to take advantage of the homes of current residents; It was common to find houses marked with the letters P.R (Prince Regent) to mark the acquisition. Brazilians, with their common sense of humor, used to say that the letters represented “put yourself on the street”. They would also be frustrated by the court invasion. The best food and products were given to newcomers. Taxes have been raised.
Hard feelings aside, change was inevitable. The city grew, molded into something fit for a prince to stay. Street lights, water fountains, better streets would come; John would also open the ports to new products and allow industry in the country (an interesting little detail: the taxation of goods imported from Portugal to Brazil was 16%; the tax for English products was just under 15%). No longer the clear fashions of a gloomy field for Rio de Janeiro; that, of course, would not do for a European court.
John's hunger to civilize the city did not stop at some points: he brought many institutions that are still around here in Rio de Janeiro. The Botanical Garden, with its magnificent palm trees that still grow, for which he had a special affection. The National Library, with documents that were transferred from Portugal. The bathroom, the first Brazilian bank. To ensure that taste dominates, a French Artistic Mission, bringing artists to the construction of the Royal School of Sciences, Arts and Crafts.
In everything, the Empire had a taste for the top. He also liked to spend money on bureaucracy; John found jobs and roles for nearly all of his court members, not necessarily because of talent. This habit of building big and employing many is probably one of his most enduring legacies; many mayors of Rio leave the office with large buildings from which public money bleeds.
Much of this was paid for by one of the Empire's biggest industries: African slavery. Rio's free population grew, but the city also had the largest slave population in the Americas. In its streets, the black and brown population did the hard work that the Portuguese and white Brazilians would consider beneath them.
With the prospect of an uprising, John created the Rio military police, an organ that is still alive today. There has never been a better manifestation of upper-class paranoia, inherited from royalty, that black Brazilians could one day demand equality. Even today, black Brazilians die in greater numbers after the conflict with the police, and the streets of Rio are one of the main cemeteries. It would be 1888 before Brazil abolished slavery.
Long before that, João VI was gone, back home to deal with an uncomfortable Portugal. The Empire stayed. His son Peter would declare independence from Brazil a short time later. “If Brazil wants to flee, it's better for you to do so, Peter, than some other adventurer,” John had told his son. In fact, his family would maintain the power of the newly independent Brazil for more than 50 years – first through Pedro I and then, after a brief interval, through Pedro II, who Brazilians remember as a gentle man with a beard like the Santa Claus.
Under the command of Pedro II, Rio flourished again, an industrialized wonder, led by an emperor so interested in innovation and so passionate about knowledge that he was one of the first men to have a telephone. A certain wide-eyed nostalgia covers the period, lost in images of the industrial wonder Viscont de Mauá bringing railways and banks. But, in fact, Pedro II was supported by plantation owners who owned slaves, the army and the church, who would eventually abandon him. Brazilian politics, as always, is relentless; the military coup that brought the republic would follow.
The Brazilian royal family still exists today: strange and decadent curiosities that sometimes rob the state of Brazilian democracy, but do not do so in the many periods of dictatorships. In its streets, in its architecture, in its natural beauty and in its people, Rio de Janeiro remains, as always, a strange empire.
When King João finally returned to Portugal in 1821, he left his son Dom Pedro behind to serve as regent of Brazil. In September of the following year, Pedro declared Brazil's independence from Portugal. He became its first emperor, Pedro I.
In 1831, political problems led the emperor to abdicate in favor of his son Pedro II, then five years old. (Pedro returned to Portugal to successfully fight for his daughter Maria II to the throne. She died in Portugal in 1834.) The Brazilian government was in the hands of regents until 1840, when parliament decided that Pedro II, now 14, was old enough to govern.
Despite a long and prosperous reign, Pedro II was deposed in 1889, in part because his daughter and heiress appointed, Princess Imperial Isabel, abolished slavery while serving as regent of Brazil in the year previous. The royal family went into exile in Europe. The monarchy of Brazil was abolished and never restored. Today Brazil is a republic.
O Independence Day of Brazil it is one of the most talked about times of the year, with proclamations and comments that we are often not so used to and that may seem confusing to us.
But even with the whole context of evolution and the "various sides" of this event, it is important that we know, understand and become familiar with the Independence Day of Brazil.
O Independence Day of Brazil it was also the day that revolutionized the entire structure of Brazilian society.
It took place on the 7th of September, on a Friday, 1822.
the history of independence of Brazil it can be described by a long four-year process, from 1821 to 1825. This period of governmental change was characterized by constant violence, which highlighted the Kingdom of Portugal and the Kingdom of Brazil.
But his story presents an even greater trajectory.
The whole story came together with the discovery of Brazilian lands. In April 1500, Portugal decided to claim the land as its own.
Period also characterized by the command of vessels by Pedro Álvares Cabral
Colonization in turn began in 1534 with Dom João III.
In 1549 the King began to take command of the lands, and ended up assigning a name at the time as "General Government".
The tribes present in the lands were either enslaved or ended up being exterminated by European diseases, which had no resistance.
When the wealth of sugar was discovered in the lands of Brazil, export began, and slavery with it. Then there was the export of Africans.
2 centuries were steeped in this struggle, slavery and the diversity of opinions that certainly should not exist, or at least the government at that time believed.
In 1799, the king of Brazil also became the king of Portugal, after the queen, her mother, was declared insane by doctors.
And it was in 1801 that the ideas of transferring the government from Portugal to Brazil began.
There were certainly numerous factors that led to independence of Brazil, therefore, as soon as the Liberal Revolution in Porto emerged in Portugal, the constitutional movements that were highlighted in the meeting of the courts also emerged.
Where he highlighted that when Brazil was a colony of Portugal, trade was not free. Being banned with any other country.
In 1808 trade was cleared, so when the court returned to Portugal it decided to ban it again.
The nobility did not accept it as the invoice and trade had greatly increased.
Pedro was pressured to stop accepting orders from Portugal. England, which was constantly doing business with Brazil, decided to intervene and also pressured D. Peter.
The King of Portugal, upon learning that everyone was pressuring his son to leave his orders, asked him to return.
Pedro, who did not want to return to Portugal, collected a signed bass, which he later showed to his father saying that he had made the decision to remain in Brazil. A day that came to be known in history as “O Dia do Fico”.
"If it's for the good of all and the nation's general happiness, tell the people I'm staying."
After refusing to return to Portugal, Dom Pedro's actions began to completely displease the Portuguese bourgeoisie. This factor occurs mainly because they ended up not having the freedom to give orders or demand something from Brazil. The government started to be completely different.
Dom Pedro, then, gathered the assembly of constitutionalists and organized the navy. Factor that forced all Portuguese troops to return to Portugal.
O Independence Day of Brazil it was shortly after Dom Pedro actually determined that no law in Portugal would be taken into account, without clearly his approval or that of the assembly of constitutionalists.
For the full article about Independence (Click Here).
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