THE Northeast region is formed by the following states:
| state | capital |
| Maranhão (MA) | St. Louis |
| Piauí (PI) | Teresina |
| Ceará (CE) | strength |
| Rio Grande do Norte (RN) | Christmas |
| Paraíba (PB) | João Pessoa |
| Pernambuco (PE) | Recife |
| Alagoas (AL) | Maceio |
| Sergipe (SE) | Aracaju |
| Bahia (BA) | savior |
According to IBGE data, the Northeast is the second most populous region in Brazil, only behind the Southeast region. When we study this region of Brazil, we are led to numerous mistakes, due to information triggered by common sense or half-truths transmitted by the media. To better understand the Northeast, we will study the following aspects:
Index
Information regarding the economic development of the northeastern sub-regions is based on the article by Mueller.
There are four sub-regions in the Northeast, the Wood zone, which occupies the coastal strip that extends from Bahia to Rio Grande do Norte, is where most of the large northeastern cities and the population of the Northeast are concentrated. With regard to the economy, this sub-region has developed the industrial sector (mainly in the Recôncavo Baiano), commercial and service provision, and stands out in sugarcane production. In other words, it is a sub-region of great economic importance for Brazil.
The second subregion is the wild, which consists of another narrow strip of land, which extends from Bahia to Rio Grande do Norte, is located between Zona da Mata and Sertão. Its economic development is based on agriculture.
the subregion Sertão, owns large estates for extensive cattle raising, which aims to cut meat, in addition to the production of food.
Finally, the subregion mid north, which consists of the transition between the Sertão and the Amazon, occurs only in the state of Maranhão and in a part of Piauí, in this area, economic development is based on agriculture and the extraction of minerals (through the Grande Program Carajas).
The literature can bring different regionalizations under the climatic criteria of the Northeast region, we will base ourselves on the classification by José Bueno Conti, who claims that, based on his studies, there are three climates in the Northeast, the humid equatorial, tropical and semiarid.
The National Institute of the Semi-Arid (INSA), states that the semiarid climate it cannot be seen uniformly, as it can have six months of drought (which is the case in most of the northeastern semiarid), from seven to eight months of drought (which occurs in parts of the states of CE, PA, RN, PE, SE and BA), from nine to ten months of drought (occurs in part of the states of PB, PE, BA and RN) and the seminar with up to eleven months of drought (which occurs in part of the PB states and BA). But the general characteristics of this climate in part of the Northeast region are irregular rains, with low rainfall and high temperature.
O tropical weather occupies most of the territory of the Northeast region, the coastal strip and other parts of all states in the Northeast. It is possible to verify two well-defined seasons, the rainy summer and dry winter, we emphasize that the region coastline has higher rainfall than other places in the Northeast that have the climate tropical.
O wet equatorial climate occurs in a small part of the state of MA, is similar to the Amazonian climate, has high rainfall and high temperature.
See too: Red Sea
As with other aspects of the Northeast, the relief also presents itself in a varied way. The main forms of relief are:
- Plateaus: are areas that present the wear of the rocks greater than the deposition of sediments, the main plateaus are the Borborema Plateau (round in shape, due to erosion and with average altitudes of 800 meters), Plateaus and plateaus of the Parnaíba Basin (it is the watershed between the hydrographic regions of Tocantins- Araguaia and São Francisco) and Plateaus and mountains of the East-Southeast Atlantic (watershed between the São Francisco River and the Atlantic Ocean).
– Plains: these are places where there is a predominance of sediment deposition, the plain area of the Northeast extends along the entire coast, from Maranhão to Bahia, it is called Northeastern coastal plain.
–Depression: these are areas that are lower than the surrounding area, as they have suffered more erosion. At the Northeast there is the Tocantins Depression, a Sertaneja depression It's from San Francisco River.
The different climates, soils and reliefs existing in the Northeast region result in a great diversity in plant formation. The main vegetations are:
– Coastal vegetation: according to the Ministry of the Environment, this vegetation consists of mangroves, typical vegetation in the area of transition of the marine and terrestrial ecosystem, that is, it arises in places where salt water from the ocean invades the mouths of water rivers candy. In these waters with a high salt content (compared to river waters) it adapts to mangrove vegetation. The restingas (composed of shrubs and vines that appear in sandy soils) are also part of the coastal vegetation.
-Cerrado: Vegetation composed of shrubs and trees twisted, due to the acidity of the soil, appear in places with a tropical climate, which has a rainy summer and a dry winter.
-Caatinga: This vegetation appears in the Sertão, its name means "white forest", it is composed of xerophytic plants, which they can survive in dry places, are tortuous, have thick skin (to prevent evapotranspiration), in addition to having thorns.
-Mata dos cocais: Vegetation that emerged in the transition between the vegetation of the Sertão (caatinga) and the humid vegetation of the Amazon, is basically formed by palm trees.
-Equatorial Forest: Vegetation present in a small area of Maranhão, composed of large trees, close to each other and with high humidity.
-Tropical forest: Vegetation of the Atlantic Forest, present in the coastal strip, are tall trees, dense and with high humidity. However, this vegetation began to be deforested since the colonial period in Brazil, currently, a small portion of this vegetation remains.
MUELLER, Charles C. Organization and Planning of the Regional Area of the Northeast. Available in Accessed on Sep 9, 2019.
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SEMIÁRDIO. The Brazilian semiarid: Wealth, diversities and knowledge. Collection: (Re) Knowing the Semiarid, No. 01, 2014. Available in Accessed on Sep 9, 2019.
MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT. Mangroves. Available in Accessed on Sep 9, 2019.
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